singleton

单例

Singleton类被称为单例类,通过使用private的构造函数确保了在一个应用只产生一个实例.

----设计模式之禅

使用场景

在一个系统中,要求一个类有且仅有一个对象,如果出现多个对象就会出现"不良反应",可以采用单例模式,

具体使用场景如下:

1. 需要生成唯一序列号的环境
2. 创建一个对象需要消耗的资源过多,如要访问IO和数据库等资源.
3. 等等

单例的逐渐进化之路

1.饿汉式

/**
 * can't lazy load
 * 饿汉式,不能懒加载
 * @author husky
 * @date 2019/5/3 20:42
 */
public class SingletonObject1 {
    private static final SingletonObject1 instance = new SingletonObject1();

    private SingletonObject1(){
        //empty
    }

    private static SingletonObject1 getInstance(){
        return instance;
    }

}

2.懒汉式

/**
 * 在多线程情况下是不安全的,因为在getIntsance中判断的时候,可能会造成多个实例出现
 * 实现懒加载,但线程不安全
 * @author husky
 * @date 2019/5/3 21:02
 */
public class SingletonObject2 {
    private static SingletonObject2 instance;

    private SingletonObject2(){
        //empty
    }

    public static SingletonObject2 getInstance(){
        if(null == instance){
            instance = new SingletonObject2();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

3.线程安全懒汉式

/**
 * 加一把锁可以解决,这把锁是class锁,SingletonObject3.class
 * 但是会造成效率低下
 * 实现了线程安全,但性能不高
 * @author husky
 * @date 2019/5/3 21:08
 */
public class SingletonObject3 {
    private static SingletonObject3 instance;

    private SingletonObject3(){
        //empty
    }

    public synchronized static SingletonObject3 getInstance(){
        if(null == instance){
            instance = new SingletonObject3();
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

4.double-check

/**
 * double check
 * 解决了懒加载以及单例,以及性能问题,但是有问题,可能会出现空指针异常
 * 在private SingletonObject()会造成fielda或者fieldB未被赋值,导致空指针
 * @author husky
 * @date 2019/5/3 21:31
 */
public class SingletonObject4 {
    private static SingletonObject4 instance;
    private int fieldA;
    private int fieldB;

    private SingletonObject4(){
        fieldA = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
        fieldB = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
    }

    public static SingletonObject4 getInstance(){
        if(null == instance){
            synchronized (SingletonObject4.class){
                if(null == instance){
                    instance = new SingletonObject4();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }

}

此处出现的空指针异常,具体原因可以查看 double-check出现的错误

5.double-check volatile

/**
 *
 * 加入volatile可以避免空指针异常,也就是dcl,但是效率有点低
 * @author husky
 * @date 2019/5/3 23:12
 */
public class SingletonObject5 {
    private static volatile  SingletonObject5 instance;

    private SingletonObject5(){

    }

    private static SingletonObject5 getInstance(){
        if(null == instance){
            synchronized (SingletonObject5.class){
                if(null == instance){
                    return new SingletonObject5();
                }
            }
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

6.静态内部类

public class SingletonObject6 {

    private SingletonObject6(){

    }

    private static class InstanceHolder {
        private final static SingletonObject6 instance = new SingletonObject6();
    }

    public static SingletonObject6 getInstance(){
        return InstanceHolder.instance;
    }
}

7.枚举,推荐使用6或7,关于枚举,会在后面博客当中进行分析

import java.util.stream.IntStream;

/**
 * 枚举类型
 * @author husky
 * @date 2019/5/4 14:37
 */
public class SingletonObject7 {
    private SingletonObject7(){

    }

    private enum Singleton {
        /**
         * instance
         * */
        INSTANCE;
        private final SingletonObject7 instance;

        Singleton(){
            instance = new SingletonObject7();
        }

        public SingletonObject7 getInstance(){
            return instance;
        }
    }

    public static SingletonObject7 getInstance(){
        return Singleton.INSTANCE.getInstance();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IntStream.rangeClosed(1,50).forEach(i->{
            new Thread(String.valueOf(i)){
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(SingletonObject7.getInstance());
                }
            }.start();
        });
    }


}