R包crayon格式化输出信息

生活需要色彩，工作也一样，而且我最近迷上了生信分析流程中的各种颜色的代码。上期，我分享的让我们的脚本带点色儿 - 知乎 (zhihu.com)，是面向CLI(Command-Line Interface)的用户的，今天分享的内容，CLI和GUI(Graphical User Interface)都适用。

R语言现在已经不是小众语言了，学校教育和各行各业的工作中都可以使用R语言中便捷的统计学函数和强悍的图形可视化能力，人们对于数据可视化有着执念式的追求。

当然，做生信分析工作也离不开R语言，下面我将展示一个R包，可以使我们的R代码或者程序输出信息不那么单调。

这个包就是：crayon（Colored Terminal Output），作者有两位：这是他们的邮箱地址csardi.gabor@gmail.com/brodie.gaslam@yahoo.com。

我直接分步进行代码和输出信息展示：相信大家一看就明白如何使用了，非常nice and easy.

step1: 安装R包：crayon，只需要安装一次就可以了，后面使用时，每次导入即可

install.packages("crayon")

为了展示方便，我们这里再安装一个R包：praise

step2: 导入R包，R包安装成功后就可以导入R环境

library("crayon")

library("praise")

step3：查看版本信息

packageVersion("crayon")

# [1] ‘1.4.1’

step4：获取R包中的函数列表

ls(package:crayon)

[1] "%+%" "bgBlack" "bgBlue" "bgCyan"

[5] "bgGreen" "bgMagenta" "bgRed" "bgWhite"

[9] "bgYellow" "black" "blue" "blurred"

[13] "bold" "chr" "col_align" "col_nchar"

[17] "col_strsplit" "col_substr" "col_substring" "combine_styles"

[21] "cyan" "drop_style" "finish" "green"

[25] "has_color" "has_hyperlink" "has_style" "hidden"

[29] "hyperlink" "inverse" "italic" "magenta"

[33] "make_style" "num_ansi_colors" "num_colors" "red"

[37] "reset" "show_ansi_colors" "silver" "strikethrough"

[41] "strip_style" "style" "styles" "underline"

[45] "white" "yellow"

高能预警！！！

step5：Genaral styles：8个函数

5.1 reset，这个额。。。

?reset

cat(reset(blue(praise(), "\n")))

就没什么感觉

5.2 bold，字体加粗函数

> praise()

[1] "You are breathtaking!"

> cat(bold(praise(),"\n"))

You are amazing!

5.3 blurred (usually called ‘dim’, renamed to avoid name clash)

> cat(blurred(praise(), "\n"))

You are wicked!

5.4 italic (not widely supported)，斜体

> cat(italic(praise(), "\n"))

You are delightful!

5.5 underline，下划线

> cat(underline(praise(), "\n"))

You are impressive!

5.6 inverse，高对比度

> cat(inverse(praise(), "\n"))

You are superior!

> a = "Colored terminal output"

> cat(inverse(a, "\n"))

Colored terminal output

5.7 hidden，隐藏输出字体

> cat(hidden(praise(),"\n"))

5.8 strikethrough (not widely supported)

> cat(strikethrough(praise(), "\n"))

You are classy!

step6：Text colors：9个函数

cat(black(praise(),"\n"))

cat(red(praise(),"\n"))

cat(green(praise(),"\n"))

cat(yellow(praise(),"\n"))

cat(blue(praise(),"\n"))

cat(magenta(praise(),"\n"))

cat(cyan(praise(),"\n"))

cat(white(praise(),"\n"))

cat(silver(praise(),"\n"))

linux服务器中展示：

step7：Background colors：8个函数

cat(bgBlack(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgRed(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgGreen(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgYellow(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgBlue(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgMagenta(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgCyan(praise(), "\n"))

cat(bgWhite(praise(), "\n"))

linux服务器中展示：

step8：总共有8x8x9=576种搭配用法

搭配举例1：bold + bgWhite + blue

cat(bold(bgWhite(blue(praise(), "\n"))))

搭配举例2：bold + bgRed + black + bgWhite + blue

cat(bold(bgRed(black("Today, ")),bgWhite(blue(praise(), "\n"))))

step9：R程序中的用法举例：

> exprmat_file <- list.files(path = "./", pattern = "ExprData_raw.xlsx$")

> cat(blue(paste0("原始表达矩阵文件名为： ",exprmat_file)))

原始表达矩阵文件名为： ExprData_raw.xlsx

> cat(blue("原始表达矩阵文件名为： "), red(exprmat_file))

原始表达矩阵文件名为： ExprData_raw.xlsx

> cat(bgYellow(blue("原始表达矩阵文件名为： "), red(exprmat_file)))

原始表达矩阵文件名为： ExprData_raw.xlsx

> cat(bgWhite(blue("原始表达矩阵文件名为： "), red(exprmat_file)))

原始表达矩阵文件名为： ExprData_raw.xlsx

step10：收尾彩蛋

%+%用法，字符串拼接

> letters[1:10] %+% chr(1:10)

[1] "a1" "b2" "c3" "d4" "e5" "f6" "g7" "h8" "i9" "j10"

> letters[1:10] %+% "-" %+% chr(1:10)

[1] "a-1" "b-2" "c-3" "d-4" "e-5" "f-6" "g-7" "h-8" "i-9" "j-10"

非常方便哦，不要只记得paste()和paste0()，也可以试试%+%

> date()

[1] "Thu Jul 22 16:07:58 2021"

> sessionInfo()

R version 4.1.0 (2021-05-18)

Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)

Running under: macOS Big Sur 10.16

Matrix products: default

LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib

locale:

[1] zh_CN.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8/C/zh_CN.UTF-8/zh_CN.UTF-8

attached base packages:

[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base

other attached packages:

[1] praise_1.0.0 crayon_1.4.1

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):

[1] zip_2.2.0 Rcpp_1.0.7 cellranger_1.1.0

[4] pillar_1.6.1 compiler_4.1.0 BiocManager_1.30.16

[7] remotes_2.4.0 forcats_0.5.1 prettyunits_1.1.1

[10] tools_4.1.0 testthat_3.0.4 pkgbuild_1.2.0

[13] pkgload_1.2.1 memoise_2.0.0 lifecycle_1.0.0

[16] tibble_3.1.2 pkgconfig_2.0.3 rlang_0.4.11

[19] openxlsx_4.2.4 rstudioapi_0.13 cli_3.0.1

[22] curl_4.3.2 haven_2.4.1 rio_0.5.27

[25] fastmap_1.1.0 withr_2.4.2 desc_1.3.0

[28] fs_1.5.0 vctrs_0.3.8 devtools_2.4.2

[31] hms_1.1.0 rprojroot_2.0.2 glue_1.4.2

[34] data.table_1.14.0 R6_2.5.0 processx_3.5.2

[37] fansi_0.5.0 readxl_1.3.1 foreign_0.8-81

[40] sessioninfo_1.1.1 purrr_0.3.4 callr_3.7.0

[43] magrittr_2.0.1 usethis_2.0.1 ps_1.6.0

[46] ellipsis_0.3.2 utf8_1.2.1 stringi_1.7.3

[49] cachem_1.0.5