静态初始化异常问题(java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError)

1、问题描述

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
	at com.crazymakercircle.zk.NameService.SnowflakeIdWorkerTest.test(SnowflakeIdWorkerTest.java:19)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:44)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:271)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:50)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:160)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
	at com.crazymakercircle.zk.NameService.BaseClass.<init>(BaseClass.java:21)
	at com.crazymakercircle.zk.NameService.BaseClass.<clinit>(BaseClass.java:16)
	... 23 more

2、问题代码

  首先写一个BaseClass，定义一个静态方法，实现单例的功能。源码如下：

package com.crazymakercircle.zk.NameService;

/**
 * @author Chen
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2020/4/16 13:21
 * @description:
 */
public class BaseClass {
    //客户端
    private Object client = null;

    public static BaseClass instance = new BaseClass();


    private BaseClass() {
        BaseClass.instance.client = new Object();
        BaseClass.instance.init();
    }

    private void init() {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    public void hello() {
        System.out.println("-----------chen---------------> hello");
    }
}

测试类功能就是获取BaseClass实例对象并调用hello()方法。源码如下：

import org.junit.Test;


/**
 * @author Chen
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2020/4/16 13:19
 * @description:
 */
public class SnowflakeIdWorkerTest {

    @Test
    public void test(){
        BaseClass.instance.hello();
    }

}

2、问题分析

 private BaseClass() {
        BaseClass.instance.client = new Object();
        BaseClass.instance.init();
    }

  这是由于在静态变量client的初始化还未执行之前就使用该静态变量。有种相互引用的感觉。

3、问题解决

  既然知道是在静态变量client的初始化还未执行之前就使用该静态变量而出现的问题。那么我们直接使用成员变量即可。修改之后源码如下：

package com.crazymakercircle.zk.NameService;

import com.crazymakercircle.zk.ZKclient;

/**
 * @author Chen
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2020/4/16 13:21
 * @description:
 */
public class BaseClass {
    //客户端
    private Object client = null;

    public static BaseClass instance = new BaseClass();


    private BaseClass() {
        this.client = new Object();
        this.init();
    }

    private void init() {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    public void hello() {
        System.out.println("-----------chen---------------> hello");
    }
}

再次运行上面的测试类，控制台输出如下：

init
-----------chen---------------> hello

Process finished with exit code 0

完美输出结果。问题解决。

4、总结

  书上的代码直接运行绝大部分是对的，但是总有一些软件的更新使得作者无能为力。之前的API是对的，但是之后就废弃了或修改了是常有的事。所以我们需要跟踪源代码。这只是一个小小的问题，如果没有前辈的无私奉献，很难想象我们自己一天能学到多少内容。感谢各位前辈的辛勤付出，让我们少走了很多的弯路！

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