geth私链搭建

安装 vim

apt-get install vim

安装 screen

apt-get install screen 

安装 add-apt-repository

apt-get install software-properties-common

安装 go

add-apt-repository ppa:longsleep/golang-backports

apt-get update

apt-get install golang-go

go version

go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.cn

echo "export PATH=$PATH:/root/go-ethereum/build/bin" >> /etc/profile

source /etc/profile

ethereum

• 最好用git拉取，我docker搭建的ubuntu 20.04环境换了各种源apt-get install包不了
  参考链接

apt-get install git  

git clone https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum

cd go-ethereum

apt-get install -y gcc automake autoconf libtool make

make geth

• 安装完成

golang.org/x/text/collate
github.com/dop251/goja
github.com/fatih/color
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/jsre
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/jsre/deps
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/web3ext
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console
github.com/naoina/go-stringutil
github.com/naoina/toml/ast
github.com/naoina/toml
github.com/shirou/gopsutil/mem
github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/geth
Done building.
Run "./build/bin/geth" to launch geth.

创世区块

mkdir privateChain
cd privateChain/
vim genesis.json

{
  "config": {
    "chainId": 18812345678901234567890,
    "homesteadBlock": 0,
    "eip150Block": 0,
    "eip155Block": 0,
    "eip158Block": 0,
    "byzantiumBlock": 0,
    "constantinopleBlock": 0,
    "petersburgBlock": 0,
    "istanbulBlock": 0
  },
  "alloc": {},
  "coinbase": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "difficulty": "0x20",
  "extraData": "",
  "gasLimit": "0x2fefd8",
  "nonce": "0x0000000000000042",
  "mixhash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "parentHash": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "timestamp": "0x00"
}

初始化创世区块

geth --datadir data0 init genesis.json 

• 如果是线下复制go-ethereum到线上的话注意bin里面的权限

-bash: /root/go-ethereum/build/bin/geth: Permission denied

• 会生成data0文件

root@6f0632246fa0:~/privateChain# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Oct 20 11:41 ./
drwx------ 1 root root 4096 Oct 20 11:40 ../
drwx------ 4 root root 4096 Oct 20 11:41 data0/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  610 Oct 20 11:39 genesis.json

• data0为指定生成存放数据的地方

root@6f0632246fa0:~/privateChain/data0# ls
geth  keystore

• keystore 存放账户数据

启用私链

• 要在data0所在目录执行

geth --datadir data0 console

• networkid 指私链id 不要是 1. 以太网公网id是1
• 想其他窗口进入JavaScript [geth.ipc在/root/privateChain/data0目录里]

geth attach geth.ipc

常见问题和命令

• 查看区块高度

eth.blockNumber

查询是否有用户

eth.accounts

创建用户

personal.newAccount()

查看第一个人的余额

eth.getBalance(eth.accounts[0])

• miner.start() 挖矿没到账，可能是没有配置收款人
  参考链接

执行设置miner地址：

>miner.setEtherbase(eth.coinbase)

true

Geth管理API文档

• 以太币转化为wei

amount= web3.toWei(5,'ether')

• 转账[amount是上面五个以太币转化成的wei]

eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:amount})

• 转账前要解锁账号，否则会报错

eth.sendTransaction({from:eth.accounts[0],to:eth.accounts[1],value:amount})
Error: authentication needed: password or unlock
        at web3.js:6347:37(47)
        at web3.js:5081:62(37)
        at <eval>:1:20(16)

personal.unlockAccount(eth.accounts[0])

• 查看转账状态 pending 是正在转账中，需要有人挖矿才能转到账

txpool.status
{
  pending: 1,
  queued: 0
}

• 开始挖矿

miner.start(10)

• 停止挖矿

miner.stop()