Android基础组件-ContentProvider（一）

ContentProvider是Android核心组件之一。
ContentProvider表示“内容提供者”,
开发人员在创建它时，需要自定义一个类继承ContentProvider，并重写其中的方法，然后并在Android项目的清单文件（AndroidMainfest.xml）中注册。
注册代码如以下：

<provider
            android:authorities="com.example.android_contentprovider.PERSON"
            android:name="com.example.provider.MyContentProvider"
            android:exported="true"
            ></provider>

authorities表示ContentProvider用于访问数据的URI
name则是表示ContentProvider所在的所在项目的路径
exported表示是否可以被访问

一个ContentProvider的例子就是这样：

package com.example.provider;

import android.content.ContentProvider;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.UriMatcher;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;


import com.example.util.DbUtil;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/2/7.
 */

public class MyContentProvider extends ContentProvider {

    private SQLiteDatabase db;
    private UriMatcher uriMatcher;

    @Override
    public boolean onCreate() {
        DbUtil dbUtil=new DbUtil(getContext(),"G150820.db",null,2);
        db =dbUtil.getReadableDatabase();
        uriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
        uriMatcher.addURI("com.example.android_contentprovider.PERSON","student",1);
        uriMatcher.addURI("com.example.android_contentprovider.PERSON","student/#",2);
        return false;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
        int code=uriMatcher.match(uri);
        switch (code){
            case 1:
                return db.query(false,"student",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder,null);
            case 2:
                long id= ContentUris.parseId(uri);
                return db.rawQuery("select * from student where _id=?",new String[]{id+""});
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public String getType(Uri uri) {
        return null;
    }

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        return 0;
    }
}

ContentProvider完成了之后便可以通过ContentResolver进行访问ContentProvider提供的数据。
通过ContextWraper类定义的getContentResolver()方法便可以获取ContentResolver的对象；

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private EditText et_main_id;
    private Uri uri;
    private ContentResolver contentResolver;

    private Cursor cursor;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        contentResolver = getContentResolver();
        list2= (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list2);
        et_main_id = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_main_id);
    }
    public void getData(View view){
     if (TextUtils.isEmpty(et_main_id.getText().toString())){
    uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.android_contentprovider.PERSON/student");
    }else{
     String id=   et_main_id.getText().toString();
    uri = Uri.parse("content://com.example.android_contentprovider.PERSON/student/"+id);
    }
        cursor = contentResolver.query(uri,null,null,null,null);
    }
}