学python第一天---第一个python程序

资料：一译中文文档python api

if语句

要记得加冒号。相比于c++，python里 and 对应 && , or 对应 || ,not 对应 !
还有三目运算 B if A else C ，如果A为true，则执行B；A为false，则执行C

#coding=utf-8
a=1
b=0
if a and b:
    print "1"
elif a or b:
    print "2"
elif not b:
    print "3"
else:
    print "4"

print 'a is equal to 1' if a==1 else 'a is not equal to 1'

字符串

额外资料：跟老齐学Python之print详解
字符串用\和+号进行连接，用*号可以进行重复运算，”’ ”’这样的字符串很像Matlab里的向量。

#我认为'abc'和"abc"是一样的，'''abc'''和"""abc"""是一样的。只要注意对称使用。
a='aaaaaa'
print a
b="bbbbbb"
print b
c='''cccccc'''
print c
d='ddd\
ddd'
print d
e='eee' \
  'eee'
print e
f='fff''fff'
print f
g='ggg'+'ggg'
print g
h="hh'hh'hh"
print h
i='ii"ii"ii'
print i
j='''j1
j2
j3'''
print j
k="""k1
k2
k3"""
print k
m='a'*15
print m

aaaaaa
bbbbbb
cccccc
dddddd
eeeeee
ffffff
gggggg
hh’hh’hh
ii”ii”ii
j1
j2
j3
k1
k2
k3
aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

转义字符

转义跟c语言一样。第三个例子，字符串前面加了个r，让字符串变为自然字符串，失去转义的作用。

print 'It\'s a book'
print 'hello\nworld'
print r'hello\nworld'

It’s a book
hello
world
hello\nworld

索引、切片

s = '123456789'
s1 = s[5]
print s1
s2 = s[:5]
print s2
s3 = s[3:5]
print s3

6
12345
45

for循环

1

for i in range(1, 3):
    print i
else:
    print "end"

1
2
end

2

for i in range(5, 10):
    print i
    if i == 7:
        break
else:
    print "end"

5
6
7

3

for i in range(1,15,3):   #从1开始递增到14，每次的增量是3
    print i

1
4
7
10
13

while循环

1

a=2
while a < 5:
    print a
    a += 1
else:
    print "end"

2
3
4
end

2

a=2
while a < 5:
    print a
    a += 1
    if a==3:
        break
else:
    print "end"

2

3

a=10
while a < 5:
    print a
    a += 1
    if a==3:
        break
else:
    print "end"

end

函数及面向对象

# coding=utf-8
class Hello():
    def __init__(self,name):
        self._name=name
    def sayHello(self):
        print("{0}".format(self._name))

class Hi(Hello):
    def __init__(self,name):
        Hello.__init__(self,name)
    def sayHi(self):
        print("{0}".format(self._name))
def max(a,b):
    if a>b:
        return a
    else:
        return b

def ret():
    for i in range(0,5):
        print("Item {0},{1}".format(i,"Hello Python"))

h=Hello("Hello")
h.sayHello()

h1=Hi("Hi")
h1.sayHi()
print(max(2,3))
ret()

Hello
Hi
3
Item 0,Hello Python
Item 1,Hello Python
Item 2,Hello Python
Item 3,Hello Python
Item 4,Hello Python

pickle模块

串

#coding=utf-8
import pickle
lista = ["123", "456", "789"]
listb = pickle.dumps(lista)       #将对象序列化
listc = pickle.loads(listb)       #将对象恢复为原来格式
print listc

文件

#coding=utf-8
import pickle

group1=("123","456","789")
f1=file('1.pkl','wb')         #wb意为‘写’
pickle.dump(group1,f1,True)   #将对象序列化
f1.close()
f2=file('1.pkl','rb')         #rb意为‘读’
t=pickle.load(f2)             #将对象恢复为原来格式
print t
f2.close()