Android使用MulticastSocket实现多点广播图片

DatagramSocket只允许数据报发送给指定的目标地址，而MulticastSocket可以将数据报以广播的方式发送至多个客户端。其主要思想是设置一组特殊网络地址作为多点广播地址，每个多点广播地址都被看做一个组，当客户端需要发送，接收广播消息时，加入到该组即可。

IP协议为多点广播提供了这些特殊的IP地址，这些IP地址的范围是224.0.0.0至239.255.255.255。当MulticastSocket把一个DatagramPacket发送到多点广播IP地址时，该数据将被自动广播到加入该地址的所有MulticastSocket，同时也可以设置该MulticastSocket接收自身发送的数据。

如果仅仅是用于发送数据报的MulticastSocket对象，使用默认地址，随机端口即可。但如果创建接收用的MulticastSocket对象，则该MulticastSocket对象必须指定端口，否则发送方无法确定发送数据报的目标端口。

下面通过一个简单的例子实现多点广播图片：

多点广播的工具类：

public class ComUtil
{
    public static final String BROADCAST_IP = "224.2.2.2";
    public static final int BOADCAST_PORT = 30000;
    private static final int DATA_LEN = 100 * 1024;
    //定义本程序的MulticastSocket实例
    private MulticastSocket socket = null;
    //定义广播的IP地址
    private InetAddress broadcastAddress = null;
    //定义接收网络数据的字符数组
    byte[] inBuff = new byte[DATA_LEN];
    //以指定字节数组创建准备接受的DatagramPacket对象
    private DatagramPacket inPacket = new DatagramPacket(inBuff , inBuff.length);
    //定义一个用于发送的DatagramPacket对象
    private DatagramPacket outPacket = null;
    private Handler handler;

    //构造器，初始化资源
    public ComUtil(Handler handler) throws Exception
    {
        this.handler = handler;
        //因为该MultcastSocket对象需要接受数据，所以有指定端口
        socket = new MulticastSocket(BOADCAST_PORT);
        broadcastAddress = InetAddress.getByName(BROADCAST_IP);
        //将该socket加入指定的多点广播地址
        socket.joinGroup(broadcastAddress);
        //设置本MultcastSocket发送的数据报将被送到本身
        socket.setLoopbackMode(false);
        //初始化发送用的DatagramSocket，它包含一个长度为0的字节数组
        outPacket = new DatagramPacket(new byte[0] , 0 , broadcastAddress , BOADCAST_PORT);
        new ReadBroad().start();
    }

    //广播消息的工具方法
    public void broadCast(byte[] msg)
    {
        try
        {
            //将msg字符串转换为字节数组
            byte[] buff = msg;
            //设置发送用的DatagramPacket里的字节数组
            outPacket.setData(buff);
            //发送数据
            socket.send(outPacket);
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //持续读取MulticastSocket的线程
    class ReadBroad extends Thread
    {
        public void run()
        {
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    //读取Socket中的数据
                    socket.receive(inPacket);
                    Message msg = new Message();
                    msg.what = 0x123;
                    msg.obj = inBuff;
                    handler.sendMessage(msg);
                }
                catch (IOException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

MainActivity类：

public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
    private Button button;
    private ImageView img;
    private ComUtil comUitl;
    Handler handler = new Handler()
    {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg)
        {
            if (msg.what == 0x123)
            {
                byte[] result = (byte[]) msg.obj;
                img.setImageBitmap(BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(result , 0 , result.length));
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main_activity);
        try
        {
            comUitl = new ComUtil(handler);
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_img_all);
        img = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.receiver_img);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
        {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view)
            {
                sendData();
            }
        });
    }

    private void sendData()
    {
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources() , R.drawable.wenqing2);
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArray = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        bitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.PNG , 100 , byteArray);
        bitmap.recycle();
        final byte[] msg = byteArray.toByteArray();
        new Thread()
        {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {
                comUitl.broadCast(msg);
            }
        }.start();

        try
        {
            byteArray.close();
        }
        catch (IOException e)
        {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}