OC_06_01 NSDictionary

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        
        /*
         字典  NSDictionary(不可变) / NSMutableDictionary
         1.概念:字典是关键字'key'及其定义的值'value'所构成的集合,即它是由key-value组成的键值对的集合.通常来讲'key'一般是'NSString'类型的,'value'是OC中任意对象.对字典来讲,我们就是通过'key'来访问'value'.
         2.为什么在有了数组以后,还需要字典?在由大量的数据或者频繁查找信息,使用字典效率更高,因为字典是采用键查询的优化存储方法的
         3.在OC中,我们使用'NSDictionary' 和 'NSMutableDictionary'来表示字典.其中'NSMutableDictionary'是'NSDictionary'的子类
         
         */
        
        //初始化
        //创建一个空的字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary1 = [[NSDictionary alloc]init];
        
        NSDictionary *dictionary2 = [NSDictionary dictionary];
        
        //创建一个键值对的字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary3 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"Chen" forKey:@"name"];
        
        //创建多个键值对的字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary4 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"Chen",@"name",@25,@"age",@"GZ",@"address", nil];
        
        //字典里面存放的元素都要是对象类型才行.如果是基本数据类型,要先把这些基本数据类型进行封装,然后在放到集合里面
        
        //value在前,key在后,value和key要成双出现
        NSLog(@"dictionary4 = %@",dictionary4);
        //注意:在字典中键值是无序的
        
        //根据一个字典创建一个字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary5 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithDictionary:dictionary4];
        NSLog(@"dictionary5 = %@",dictionary5);

        //新语法创建字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary6 = @{};
        //新语法创建一个键值对
        NSDictionary *dictionary7 = @{@"name":@"Chen"};
        NSLog(@"dictionary7 = %@",dictionary7);
        //新语法创建多个键值对
        NSDictionary *dictionary8 = @{@"name":@"Chen",@"age":@25,@"address":@"GZ"};
        NSLog(@"dictionary8 = %@",dictionary8);
        
        
        //从本地读取字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary9 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"地址"];
        //从网路读取字典
        NSDictionary *dictionary10 = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"网址"]];
        
        //字典中键值对的数量
        NSUInteger count = dictionary4.count;
        NSLog(@"count = %lu",count);
        
        //如何访问字典
        //通过key访问字典中对应的值
        NSString *name = [dictionary4 objectForKey:@"name"];
        NSLog(@"name = %@",name);
        
        //新语法访问
        NSString *newName = dictionary4[@"name"];
        NSLog(@"newName = %@",newName);
        
        //如何遍历字典中所有的值
        //表示字典中所有的key
        NSArray *keyArray = dictionary4.allKeys;
        NSLog(@"%@",keyArray);
        
        //字典中所有的value
        NSArray *valueArray = dictionary4.allValues;
        NSLog(@"%@",valueArray);
        
        //使用for循环来打印
        for (int i=0; i<dictionary4.count; i++) {
//            NSLog(@"%@ = %@",keyArray[i],valueArray[i]);
            NSLog(@"%@ = %@",keyArray[i],dictionary4[keyArray[i]]);
        }
        
        //使用快速枚举
        for (NSString *key in keyArray) {
//            NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,[dictionary4 objectForKey:key]);
            NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,dictionary4[key]);
        }
        
        //枚举器遍历
        NSEnumerator *enumertor = [keyArray objectEnumerator];
        NSString *key;
        while (key = [enumertor nextObject]) {
            NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,dictionary4[key]);
        }
        
        //在不可变字典中,不能存储相同的key,如果相同的key,则只会打印一个key对应的value
        NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"han",@"name",@"bao",@"name",@10,@"age",@"GZ",@"address", nil];
        NSLog(@"---------------");
        for (NSString *key in [dictionary allKeys])
        {
            NSLog(@"%@ = %@",key,dictionary[key]);
        }
        
        
        
    }
    return 0;
}