原题网址:点击打开题目链接
判断一个 9x9 的数独是否有效。只需要根据以下规则,验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
- 数字
1-9
在每一行只能出现一次。 - 数字
1-9
在每一列只能出现一次。 - 数字
1-9
在每一个以粗实线分隔的3x3
宫内只能出现一次。
上图是一个部分填充的有效的数独。
数独部分空格内已填入了数字,空白格用 '.'
表示。
示例 1:
输入:
[
["5","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
]
输出: true
示例 2:
输入:
[
["8","3",".",".","7",".",".",".","."],
["6",".",".","1","9","5",".",".","."],
[".","9","8",".",".",".",".","6","."],
["8",".",".",".","6",".",".",".","3"],
["4",".",".","8",".","3",".",".","1"],
["7",".",".",".","2",".",".",".","6"],
[".","6",".",".",".",".","2","8","."],
[".",".",".","4","1","9",".",".","5"],
[".",".",".",".","8",".",".","7","9"]
]
输出: false
解释: 除了第一行的第一个数字从 5 改为 8 以外,空格内其他数字均与 示例1 相同。
但由于位于左上角的 3x3 宫内有两个 8 存在, 因此这个数独是无效的。
说明:
- 一个有效的数独(部分已被填充)不一定是可解的。
- 只需要根据以上规则,验证已经填入的数字是否有效即可。
- 给定数独序列只包含数字
1-9
和字符'.'
。 - 给定数独永远是
9x9
形式的。
分析:题目给出的要求还算简单的,只要求是一个有效的数独 9x9的数组,每个盒子为3x3,验证思路就是验证每一个单元。每个单元里有效的数字1-9有且只有一个,任意一行、一列、一个盒子都是一个单元,即要对每个元素board[i][j]做三次验证。
一、在这一行有效,取column 范围0-8,比较board[i][j]和board[i][column],如果这个元素合法,只有在column==j的是时候board[i][j]和board[i][column]才相等。
二、在这一列有效,验证思路同上
三、在其所在的盒子里有效,这是很多人头疼的地方,关键在于找到所在盒子左上角第一个元素的坐标,此处盒子为3X3,以i,j坐标为例 (i // 3) * 3,(j// 3) * 3就是我们要找的所在盒子左上角第一个元素的坐标 // 在python里是做整数除法的意思,使用其他语言都有自己的处理方法
class Solution:
def isValidSudoku(self, board):
"""
:type board: List[List[str]]
:rtype: bool
"""
for i in range(9):
for j in range(9):
if board[i][j] == '.':
board[i][j] = 0
for i in range(9):
for j in range(9):
if board[i][j] != 0:
#check the board[i][j] is valid in i's row
for column in range(9):
if column != j and board[i][j] == board[i][column]:
return False
#check the board[i][j] is valid in j's column
for row in range(9):
if row != i and board[i][j] == board[row][j]:
return False
#check the board[i][j] is valid in the 3-by-3 box
for row in range((i // 3) * 3,(i // 3) * 3 + 3):
for col in range((j // 3) * 3,(j // 3) * 3 + 3):
if row != i and col != j and board[i][j] == board[row][col]:
return False
return True
题目中给的二维数组的字符型的,我开始做了一点处理,包括把"."换成"0"