Sharding-JDBC 实战 - 分片策略2:Inline行表达式分片策略InlineShardingStrategy
什么是Inline分片策略
Inline分片策略是Sharding-JDBC提供的一种简化分片规则配置的策略。通过使用Groovy表达式,Inline分片策略可以快速定义数据分片的规则,从而减少代码量并提高配置的灵活性和可读性。
使用步骤
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引入依赖
在Maven项目中引入Sharding-JDBC依赖:<dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId> <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.1</version> </dependency>
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配置数据源
配置多个数据源,并将其注册到ShardingDataSource
中:Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>(); dataSourceMap.put("ds0", createDataSource("ds0")); dataSourceMap.put("ds1", createDataSource("ds1"));
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配置Inline分片策略
配置分片规则,指定逻辑表、实际表和Inline分片策略:ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration(); TableRuleConfiguration orderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order", "ds${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}"); // 使用Inline分片策略 orderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "t_order_${order_id % 2}")); orderTableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "ds${user_id % 2}")); shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(orderTableRuleConfig);
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配置ShardingDataSource
创建ShardingDataSource
并初始化:DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig, new Properties());
示例
假设有一个订单表t_order
,我们将其分成两个数据库ds0
和ds1
,每个数据库中有两个实际表t_order_0
和t_order_1
。分片规则是根据order_id
进行表分片,根据user_id
进行库分片。
public class ShardingJDBCInlineExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
Map<String, DataSource> dataSourceMap = new HashMap<>();
dataSourceMap.put("ds0", createDataSource("ds0"));
dataSourceMap.put("ds1", createDataSource("ds1"));
ShardingRuleConfiguration shardingRuleConfig = new ShardingRuleConfiguration();
TableRuleConfiguration orderTableRuleConfig = new TableRuleConfiguration("t_order", "ds${0..1}.t_order_${0..1}");
orderTableRuleConfig.setTableShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("order_id", "t_order_${order_id % 2}"));
orderTableRuleConfig.setDatabaseShardingStrategyConfig(new InlineShardingStrategyConfiguration("user_id", "ds${user_id % 2}"));
shardingRuleConfig.getTableRuleConfigs().add(orderTableRuleConfig);
DataSource dataSource = ShardingDataSourceFactory.createDataSource(dataSourceMap, shardingRuleConfig, new Properties());
}
private static DataSource createDataSource(String dataSourceName) {
// 创建数据源的具体代码,通常使用数据库连接池如Druid、HikariCP等
}
}
通过以上配置,Sharding-JDBC会根据order_id
和user_id
的值将数据分片到对应的数据库和表中,从而实现数据的水平扩展。
结论
Inline分片策略通过使用Groovy表达式简化了分片规则的配置,使得分片策略的配置更加简洁、直观。通过Inline分片策略,用户可以轻松定义数据的分片规则,提高配置的灵活性和可读性。在实际应用中,Inline分片策略特别适用于分片规则较为简单且固定的场景。