Hibernate 提供了多种映射类型,这些映射类型用于描述 Java 对象与数据库表之间的关系。这些映射类型可以分为几个主要类别,包括基本类型的映射、集合类型的映射、一对一(One-to-One)、一对多(One-to-Many)、多对一(Many-to-One)以及多对多(Many-to-Many)关系的映射等。
下面是这些映射类型的概述:
1. 基本类型的映射
这是最简单的映射类型,它将 Java 类中的一个属性映射到数据库表中的一个列。例如,一个 String
属性可以映射到一个 VARCHAR
列。
示例代码:
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String name;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
映射文件(或注解)示例:
<class name="com.example.model.Employee" table="employee">
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="name"/>
</class>
或者使用 JPA 注解:
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "name")
private String name;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
2. 集合类型的映射
集合类型的映射用于处理列表、数组或集合类型的属性。Hibernate 支持映射不同类型的集合,如 Set
, List
, Map
, 和 Bag
。
示例代码:
public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private Set<PhoneNumber> phoneNumbers;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
public class PhoneNumber {
private Integer id;
private String number;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
映射文件(或注解)示例:
<class name="com.example.model.Employee" table="employee">
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<set name="phoneNumbers" inverse="true" cascade="all-delete-orphan">
<key column="emp_id"/>
<one-to-many class="com.example.model.PhoneNumber"/>
</set>
</class>
<class name="com.example.model.PhoneNumber" table="phone_number">
<id name="id" column="id">
<generator class="increment"/>
</id>
<property name="number" column="number"/>
<many-to-one name="employee" class="com.example.model.Employee" column="emp_id"/>
</class>
或者使用 JPA 注解:
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
private Set<PhoneNumber> phoneNumbers;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "phone_number")
public class PhoneNumber {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "number")
private String number;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "emp_id")
private Employee employee;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
3. 关系类型的映射
关系类型的映射用于处理实体之间的关系,包括一对一、一对多、多对一和多对多。
一对一映射
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@OneToOne(mappedBy = "employee")
private Address address;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "address")
public class Address {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "street")
private String street;
@OneToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "emp_id")
private Employee employee;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
一对多映射
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
private List<Project> projects;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "project")
public class Project {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "emp_id")
private Employee employee;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
多对一映射
@Entity
@Table(name = "project")
public class Project {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@ManyToOne
@JoinColumn(name = "emp_id")
private Employee employee;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, orphanRemoval = true)
private List<Project> projects;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
多对多映射
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@ManyToMany(cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE})
@JoinTable(
name = "employee_project",
joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "emp_id"),
inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "proj_id")
)
private List<Project> projects;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "project")
public class Project {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@ManyToMany(mappedBy = "projects")
private List<Employee> employees;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
4. 其他高级映射
除了上述基本映射类型之外,Hibernate 还支持一些更高级的映射特性,如继承映射、组件映射、枚举映射等。
组件映射
public class Address {
private String street;
private String city;
private String zipCode;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Embedded
private Address address;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
枚举映射
@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
public class Employee {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Integer id;
@Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
private Gender gender;
// 其他属性和方法...
}
public enum Gender {
MALE, FEMALE, OTHER
}
这些映射类型涵盖了 Hibernate 中最常见的关系映射场景。根据你的具体需求选择合适的映射类型,可以帮助你更好地管理实体之间的关系。