linux C读写锁

规则

• 只要没有线程获取了读写锁的写锁，那么任意数目的线程都可以获取读写锁的读锁
• 仅当没有线程持有读写锁的读锁的时候，才能获取写锁

操作函数

int pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *rwptr, pthread_rwlockattr_t* arrt); // 初始化
int pthread_rwlock_destory(pthread_rwlockattr_t *arrt); // 销毁
int pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwptr); // 获取读锁 
int pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwptr); // 获取写锁
int pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwptr); // 释放锁
int pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwptr); // 不阻塞的方式获取读锁 
int pthread_rwlock_trywrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *rwptr); // 不阻塞的方式获取写锁

示例

read_data函数中的start/end可以不成对出现，可以连续出现多个start，再连续出现多个end。而write_data函数的中start/end一定是成对出现的，先出现start，然后出现end。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <pthread.h>

pthread_rwlock_t lock;

void read_data(int value) {
    pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&lock);
    printf("read data start! value = %d\n", value);
    sleep(3);
    printf("read data end! value = %d\n", value);
    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock);
}

void write_data(int value) {
    pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&lock);
    printf("write data start! value = %d\n", value);
    sleep(3);
    printf("write data end! value = %d\n", value);
    pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock);
}

void* thread_read_1(void* data) {
    read_data(1);
}

void* thread_read_2(void* data) {
    read_data(2);
}

void* thread_write_1(void* data) {
    write_data(1);
}

void* thread_write_2(void* data) {
    write_data(2);
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    pthread_t pid[4];
    pthread_rwlock_init(&lock, NULL);

    pthread_create(&pid[0], NULL, thread_read_1, NULL);
    pthread_create(&pid[1], NULL, thread_read_2, NULL);
    pthread_create(&pid[2], NULL, thread_write_2, NULL);
    pthread_create(&pid[3], NULL, thread_write_2, NULL);

    pthread_join(pid[0], NULL);
    pthread_join(pid[1], NULL);
    pthread_join(pid[2], NULL);
    pthread_join(pid[3], NULL);

    pthread_rwlock_destroy(&lock);

    return 0;
}

测试结果：
read data start! value = 1
read data start! value = 2
read data end! value = 2
read data end! value = 1
write data start! value = 2
write data end! value = 2
write data start! value = 2
write data end! value = 2