ffmpeg 获取媒体数据C编程和命令行

1 命令行获取

ffmpeg -i 001.mp4 //后面跟视频地址即可

这样就可以简单获取到视频的信息了

简单解释一下

首先是 -i 意思是设置输入流
然后是输出信息
大致只需要关注几路流的信息即可
这里可以看到该视频的比特率 1310 编码器H264 数据是yuv420P 以及分辨率1280720 后面的25 fps, 25 tbr, 25k tbn时间基流同步用的 有机会细细说*
同理

音频流 说明了采样率48000Hz 双声道 32位 以及码率 317kb/s

2 C语言实现

#include<libavutil/log.h>
#include<libavformat/avformat.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	int ret;
	AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx = NULL;

	av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_INFO);

	av_register_all(); // 最新的已经舍弃

	//  param 3 设置容器格式  4 是否命令行可变参数
	ret = avformat_open_input(&fmt_ctx,"./001.mp4",NULL,NULL);

	if(ret<0){
		av_log(NULL,AV_LOG_ERROR,"CAN`T OPNE FILE :%s \n",
				av_err2str(ret));
	}
	// 4 p 输入流还是输出流
	av_dump_format(fmt_ctx,0,"./001.mp4",0);

	avformat_close_input(&fmt_ctx);

	return 0;

}

在简单解释一下

AVFormatContext

AVFormatContext 主要存储的音视频封装格式中包含的信息

这里传参为何要用双指针建议看看LinuxC语言开发 内存讲解 可以对于指针有更好理解

先上源码 基本看看行了 后面补充重点 雷神的笔记

/**
 * Format I/O context.
 * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
 * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
 * version bump.
 * sizeof(AVFormatContext) must not be used outside libav*, use
 * avformat_alloc_context() to create an AVFormatContext.
 */
typedef struct AVFormatContext {
    /**
     * A class for logging and AVOptions. Set by avformat_alloc_context().
     * Exports (de)muxer private options if they exist.
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;
 
    /**
     * Can only be iformat or oformat, not both at the same time.
     *
     * decoding: set by avformat_open_input().
     * encoding: set by the user.
     */
    struct AVInputFormat *iformat;
    struct AVOutputFormat *oformat;
 
    /**
     * Format private data. This is an AVOptions-enabled struct
     * if and only if iformat/oformat.priv_class is not NULL.
     */
    void *priv_data;
 
    /*
     * I/O context.
     *
     * decoding: either set by the user before avformat_open_input() (then
     * the user must close it manually) or set by avformat_open_input().
     * encoding: set by the user.
     *
     * Do NOT set this field if AVFMT_NOFILE flag is set in
     * iformat/oformat.flags. In such a case, the (de)muxer will handle
     * I/O in some other way and this field will be NULL.
     */
    AVIOContext *pb;
 
    /* stream info */
    int ctx_flags; /**< Format-specific flags, see AVFMTCTX_xx */
 
    /**
     * A list of all streams in the file. New streams are created with
     * avformat_new_stream().
     *
     * decoding: streams are created by libavformat in avformat_open_input().
     * If AVFMTCTX_NOHEADER is set in ctx_flags, then new streams may also
     * appear in av_read_frame().
     * encoding: streams are created by the user before avformat_write_header().
     */
    unsigned int nb_streams;
    AVStream **streams;
 
    char filename[1024]; /**< input or output filename */
 
    /**
     * Decoding: position of the first frame of the component, in
     * AV_TIME_BASE fractional seconds. NEVER set this value directly:
     * It is deduced from the AVStream values.
     */
    int64_t start_time;
 
    /**
     * Decoding: duration of the stream, in AV_TIME_BASE fractional
     * seconds. Only set this value if you know none of the individual stream
     * durations and also do not set any of them. This is deduced from the
     * AVStream values if not set.
     */
    int64_t duration;
 
    /**
     * Decoding: total stream bitrate in bit/s, 0 if not
     * available. Never set it directly if the file_size and the
     * duration are known as FFmpeg can compute it automatically.
     */
    int bit_rate;
 
    unsigned int packet_size;
    int max_delay;
 
    int flags;
#define AVFMT_FLAG_GENPTS       0x0001 ///< Generate missing pts even if it requires parsing future frames.
#define AVFMT_FLAG_IGNIDX       0x0002 ///< Ignore index.
#define AVFMT_FLAG_NONBLOCK     0x0004 ///< Do not block when reading packets from input.
#define AVFMT_FLAG_IGNDTS       0x0008 ///< Ignore DTS on frames that contain both DTS & PTS
#define AVFMT_FLAG_NOFILLIN     0x0010 ///< Do not infer any values from other values, just return what is stored in the container
#define AVFMT_FLAG_NOPARSE      0x0020 ///< Do not use AVParsers, you also must set AVFMT_FLAG_NOFILLIN as the fillin code works on frames and no parsing -> no frames. Also seeking to frames can not work if parsing to find frame boundaries has been disabled
#define AVFMT_FLAG_CUSTOM_IO    0x0080 ///< The caller has supplied a custom AVIOContext, don't avio_close() it.
#define AVFMT_FLAG_DISCARD_CORRUPT  0x0100 ///< Discard frames marked corrupted
#define AVFMT_FLAG_MP4A_LATM    0x8000 ///< Enable RTP MP4A-LATM payload
#define AVFMT_FLAG_SORT_DTS    0x10000 ///< try to interleave outputted packets by dts (using this flag can slow demuxing down)
#define AVFMT_FLAG_PRIV_OPT    0x20000 ///< Enable use of private options by delaying codec open (this could be made default once all code is converted)
#define AVFMT_FLAG_KEEP_SIDE_DATA 0x40000 ///< Dont merge side data but keep it separate.
 
    /**
     * decoding: size of data to probe; encoding: unused.
     */
    unsigned int probesize;
 
    /**
     * decoding: maximum time (in AV_TIME_BASE units) during which the input should
     * be analyzed in avformat_find_stream_info().
     */
    int max_analyze_duration;
 
    const uint8_t *key;
    int keylen;
 
    unsigned int nb_programs;
    AVProgram **programs;
 
    /**
     * Forced video codec_id.
     * Demuxing: Set by user.
     */
    enum CodecID video_codec_id;
 
    /**
     * Forced audio codec_id.
     * Demuxing: Set by user.
     */
    enum CodecID audio_codec_id;
 
    /**
     * Forced subtitle codec_id.
     * Demuxing: Set by user.
     */
    enum CodecID subtitle_codec_id;
 
    /**
     * Maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for the index of each stream.
     * If the index exceeds this size, entries will be discarded as
     * needed to maintain a smaller size. This can lead to slower or less
     * accurate seeking (depends on demuxer).
     * Demuxers for which a full in-memory index is mandatory will ignore
     * this.
     * muxing  : unused
     * demuxing: set by user
     */
    unsigned int max_index_size;
 
    /**
     * Maximum amount of memory in bytes to use for buffering frames
     * obtained from realtime capture devices.
     */
    unsigned int max_picture_buffer;
 
    unsigned int nb_chapters;
    AVChapter **chapters;
 
    AVDictionary *metadata;
 
    /**
     * Start time of the stream in real world time, in microseconds
     * since the unix epoch (00:00 1st January 1970). That is, pts=0
     * in the stream was captured at this real world time.
     * - encoding: Set by user.
     * - decoding: Unused.
     */
    int64_t start_time_realtime;
 
    /**
     * decoding: number of frames used to probe fps
     */
    int fps_probe_size;
 
    /**
     * Error recognition; higher values will detect more errors but may
     * misdetect some more or less valid parts as errors.
     * - encoding: unused
     * - decoding: Set by user.
     */
    int error_recognition;
 
    /**
     * Custom interrupt callbacks for the I/O layer.
     *
     * decoding: set by the user before avformat_open_input().
     * encoding: set by the user before avformat_write_header()
     * (mainly useful for AVFMT_NOFILE formats). The callback
     * should also be passed to avio_open2() if it's used to
     * open the file.
     */
    AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback;
 
    /**
     * Flags to enable debugging.
     */
    int debug;
#define FF_FDEBUG_TS        0x0001
 
    /**
     * Transport stream id.
     * This will be moved into demuxer private options. Thus no API/ABI compatibility
     */
    int ts_id;
 
    /**
     * Audio preload in microseconds.
     * Note, not all formats support this and unpredictable things may happen if it is used when not supported.
     * - encoding: Set by user via AVOptions (NO direct access)
     * - decoding: unused
     */
    int audio_preload;
 
    /**
     * Max chunk time in microseconds.
     * Note, not all formats support this and unpredictable things may happen if it is used when not supported.
     * - encoding: Set by user via AVOptions (NO direct access)
     * - decoding: unused
     */
    int max_chunk_duration;
 
    /**
     * Max chunk size in bytes
     * Note, not all formats support this and unpredictable things may happen if it is used when not supported.
     * - encoding: Set by user via AVOptions (NO direct access)
     * - decoding: unused
     */
    int max_chunk_size;
 
    /*****************************************************************
     * All fields below this line are not part of the public API. They
     * may not be used outside of libavformat and can be changed and
     * removed at will.
     * New public fields should be added right above.
     *****************************************************************
     */
 
    /**
     * This buffer is only needed when packets were already buffered but
     * not decoded, for example to get the codec parameters in MPEG
     * streams.
     */
    struct AVPacketList *packet_buffer;
    struct AVPacketList *packet_buffer_end;
 
    /* av_seek_frame() support */
    int64_t data_offset; /**< offset of the first packet */
 
    /**
     * Raw packets from the demuxer, prior to parsing and decoding.
     * This buffer is used for buffering packets until the codec can
     * be identified, as parsing cannot be done without knowing the
     * codec.
     */
    struct AVPacketList *raw_packet_buffer;
    struct AVPacketList *raw_packet_buffer_end;
    /**
     * Packets split by the parser get queued here.
     */
    struct AVPacketList *parse_queue;
    struct AVPacketList *parse_queue_end;
    /**
     * Remaining size available for raw_packet_buffer, in bytes.
     */
#define RAW_PACKET_BUFFER_SIZE 2500000
    int raw_packet_buffer_remaining_size;
} AVFormatContext;

说两个重点

AVFormatContext

avformat_open_input()

其实这里雷神已经总结的很好了 复制一下

雷神笔记（默哀）

在使用FFMPEG进行开发的时候，AVFormatContext是一个贯穿始终的数据结构，很多函数都要用到它作为参数。它是FFMPEG解封装（flv，mp4，rmvb，avi）功能的结构体。下面看几个主要变量的作用（在这里考虑解码的情况）：

AVIOContext *pb：输入数据的缓存

unsigned int nb_streams：视音频流的个数

AVStream **streams：视音频流

char filename[1024]：文件名

int64_t duration：时长（单位：微秒us，转换为秒需要除以1000000）

int bit_rate：比特率（单位bps，转换为kbps需要除以1000）

AVDictionary *metadata：元数据

avformat_open_input

int avformat_open_input(AVFormatContext **ps, const char *filename, AVInputFormat *fmt, AVDictionary **options);

ps：函数调用成功之后处理过的AVFormatContext结构体。
file：打开的视音频流的URL。
fmt：强制指定AVFormatContext中AVInputFormat的。这个参数一般情况下可以设置为NULL，这样FFmpeg可以自动检测AVInputFormat。
dictionay：附加的一些选项，一般情况下可以设置为NULL。

最近重学一些东西感觉自己理解的太过浅薄 单纯的范围值是0代表成功 不同负数代表不同错误信息 居然没有写过一直在用。。

目前认为的重点后续补充
对了后续素材会用flv 才有真正流媒体的感觉（MP4 box 机制问题）
雷神对于avformat_open_input 细致分析