发布订阅(publish-and-subscribe)模型同城被简写为pub/sub模型。在这个模型中,消息生产者成为发布者(publisher),二消息消费者则成为订阅者(subscriber),生产者和消费者是M:N的关系。在传统生产者和消费者模型中,是将消息发送到一个队列中,二发布订阅模型则是将消息发布给一个主题。
为此,我们构建一个名为pubsub 的发布订阅模型支持包:
pubsub.go
import (
"sync"
"time"
)
type (
subscriber chan interface{} //订阅者为一个管道
topicFunc func(v interface{}) bool //主题为一个过滤器
)
//发布者对象
type Publisher struct {
m sync.RWMutex
buffer int
timeout time.Duration
subscribers map[subscriber]topicFunc //订阅者信息
}
//构建一个发布对象,可以设置发布超市时间和缓存队列的长度
func NewPublisher(publishTimeout time.Duration, buffer int) *Publisher {
return &Publisher{
buffer: buffer,
timeout: publishTimeout,
subscribers: make(map[subscriber]topicFunc),
}
}
//添加一个新的订阅者,订阅全部主题
func (p *Publisher)Subscribe() chan interface{}{
return p.SubscriberTopic(nil)
}
//添加一个新的订阅者,订阅过滤器筛选后的主题
func (p *Publisher) SubscriberTopic(topic topicFunc) chan interface{} {
ch := make(chan interface{}, p.buffer)
p.m.Lock()
p.subscribers[ch] = topic
p.m.Unlock()
return ch
}
//退出订阅
func (p *Publisher) Evict(sub chan interface{}) {
p.m.Lock()
defer p.m.Unlock()
delete(p.subscribers, sub)
close(sub)
}
//发布一个主题
func (p *Publisher) Publish(v interface{}) {
p.m.Lock()
defer p.m.Unlock()
var wg sync.WaitGroup
for sub, topic := range p.subscribers {
wg.Add(1)
go p.sendTopic(sub, topic, v, &wg)
}
wg.Wait()
}
//关闭发布者对象,同是关闭所有的订阅者管道
func (p *Publisher) Close() {
p.m.Lock()
defer p.m.Unlock()
for sub := range p.subscribers {
delete(p.subscribers, sub)
close(sub)
}
}
//发送主题,可以容忍一定的超市
func (p *Publisher) sendTopic(sub subscriber, topic topicFunc, v interface{}, wg *sync.WaitGroup) {
defer wg.Done()
if topic != nil && !topic(v) {
return
}
select {
case sub <- v:
case <-time.After(p.timeout):
}
}
下面的例子中,有两个订阅者分别订阅了全部主题和含有“golang”的主题:
import (
pubsub "demo/senior/sub_and_sub"
"fmt"
"strings"
"time"
)
func main() {
p := pubsub.NewPublisher(100*time.Millisecond, 10)
defer p.Close()
all := p.Subscribe()
golang := p.SubscriberTopic(func(v interface{}) bool {
if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
return strings.Contains(s, "golang")
}
return false
})
p.Publish("hello ,world!")
p.Publish("hello ,golang!")
go func() {
for msg := range all {
fmt.Println("all :", msg)
}
}()
go func() {
for msg := range golang {
fmt.Println("golang :", msg)
}
}()
time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
}