ssh远程管理

HugeMountain93

于 2023-04-04 17:42:33 发布

阅读量144

点赞数

分类专栏： Linux学习专栏文章标签： ssh 服务器 linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33441128/article/details/129958583

版权

Linux学习专栏专栏收录该内容

20 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

ssh

要更改Linux系统的主机名，请使用以下命令:

[root@rhel8 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ssh-client
[root@rhel8 ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname ssh-server

SSH或Secure Shell是访问远程计算机的安全方式。默认端口为22，但建议在通过Internet访问远程计算机时使用不同的端口。

要使用SSH登录远程计算机，请使用以下格式：

ssh username@address

将’username’替换为远程计算机的用户名，将’address’替换为远程计算机的IP地址。在尝试登录之前，请确保可以访问远程计算机。如果您没有指定用户名，则将使用shell的当前用户尝试登录。如果远程计算机上不存在该用户，则登录将失败。

要退出SSH会话，请使用以下命令：

exit

SSH服务器配置文件可以在/etc/ssh/目录中找到。此目录中有多个密钥文件，包括ssh_host_ecdsa_key，ssh_host_ed25519_key和ssh_host_rsa_key。这些文件用于非对称加密，比对称加密更安全。

SSH服务器使用sshd_config配置文件，而SSH客户端使用ssh_config配置文件。通常情况下Linux系统都预先安装了客户端和服务器，但Windows没有默认安装SSH客户端。

在SSH客户端计算机上用户的主目录中的~/.ssh/known_hosts文件会记录远程服务器的公钥。如果服务器的IP地址已在known_hosts文件中，则不会提示用户验证服务器的指纹。

使用以下命令检查密钥文件的指纹：

ssh-keygen -lf ssh_host_rsa_key -E md5
ssh-keygen -lf ssh_host_rsa_key -E SHA1
ssh-keygen -lf ssh_host_rsa_key -E SHA2

将-o StrictHostKeyChecking=no选项添加到ssh命令中以禁用指纹验证：

ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no 192.168.199.108

[root@ssh-server ~]# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.103 2018/04/09 20:41:22 tjExp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options override the
# default value.
# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system,you have to tell# SELinux about this change.
# semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER
#
ssh访问的端⼝号，可以修改
#Port 22 
#AddressFamily any
ssh监听的地址,0.0.0.0就表示监听所有的ipv4地址的22端⼝
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 
#ListenAddress ::
私钥
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
# Ciphers and keying
#RekeyLimit default none
# System-wide Crypto policy:
# This system is following system-wide crypto policy.The changes to
# Ciphers, MACs, KexAlgoritms and GSSAPIKexAlgorithsm will not have any
# effect here. They will be overridden by command-line options passed on
# the server start up.
# To opt out, uncomment a line with redefinition of  CRYPTO_POLICY=
# variable in /etc/sysconfig/sshd to overwrite the policy.
# For more information, see manual page for update crypto-policies(8).# Logging
#SyslogFacility AUTH
SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV
#LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
#LoginGraceTime 2m
PermitRootLogin如果是yes就表示允许root通过ssh登录，如果是no就拒绝root通过ssh登录
PermitRootLogin yes

#StrictModes yes
#MaxAuthTries 6
#MaxSessions 10
该参数如果是yes就表示⽀持基于公钥的认证，如果是no就表示不⽀持
#PubkeyAuthentication yes

# The default is to check both .ssh/authorized_keys and .ssh/authorized_keys2
# but this is overridden so installations will only check .ssh/authorized_keys
基于公钥认证⽅式开启后，客户端公钥的存放位置
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys
#AuthorizedPrincipalsFile none
#AuthorizedKeysCommand none#AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts
#HostbasedAuthentication no
# Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for
# HostbasedAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts no
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
#IgnoreRhosts yes
# To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here!
#PasswordAuthentication yes
#PermitEmptyPasswords no
该参数如果是yes就表示⽀持密码认证，如果是no就表示不⽀持密码认证
PasswordAuthentication yes
# Change to no to disable s/key passwords
#ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosUseKuserok yes
# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yesGSSAPICleanupCredentials no
#GSSAPIStrictAcceptorCheck yes
#GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#GSSAPIEnablek5users no
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication,account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
# WARNING: 'UsePAM no' is not supported in Fedora and may cause several
# problems.
UsePAM yes
#AllowAgentForwarding yes
#AllowTcpForwarding yes
#GatewayPorts no
X11Forwarding yes
#X11DisplayOffset 10
#X11UseLocalhost yes#PermitTTY yes
# It is recommended to use pam_motd in /etc/pam.d/sshd instead of PrintMotd,
# as it is more configurable and versatile than the built-in version.
PrintMotd no
#PrintLastLog yes
#TCPKeepAlive yes
#PermitUserEnvironment no
#Compression delayed
#ClientAliveInterval 0
#ClientAliveCountMax 3
#ShowPatchLevel no
#UseDNS no
#PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid
#MaxStartups 10:30:100
#PermitTunnel no
#ChrootDirectory none
#VersionAddendum none
# no default banner path
#Banner none
# Accept locale-related environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE
LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE
LC_MEASUREMENT
AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
AcceptEnv XMODIFIERS# override default of no subsystems
Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server
# Example of overriding settings on a per-user basis
#Match User anoncvs

该参数表示是否⽀持X转发，如果是yes就表示⽀持，如果是no就表示不⽀持。
# X11Forwarding no

# AllowTcpForwarding no
# PermitTTY no
# ForceCommand cvs server