C11 标准库中的原子操作

C11 标准库中的原子操作atomic

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只是对于嵌入式编程

c语言中避免不了原子操作atomic，防止多线程中数据竞争。
C11 atomic variables and the kernel
Atomic primitives in the kernel
Atomic usage patterns in the kernel
Semantics and Behavior of Atomic and Bitmask Operations
参考链接:C11标准库中的atomic原子操作

stdatomic.h
路径/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.9/include/stdatomic.h

__STDC_NO_ATOMICS__检查是否支持stdatomic

原子数据类型
atomic_char, atomic_int, atomic_size_t
初始化原子变量可以使用如下函数

• ATOMIC_VAR_INIT
• atomic_init
• ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT
  操作原子变量则使用如下函数，保证原子性
• atomic_store
• atomic_load
• atomic_exchange
• atomic_compare_exchange_strong, atomic_compare_exchange_weak
• atomic_fetch_add, atomic_fetch_sub, atomic_fetch_or, atomic_fetch_xor, atomic_fetch_and
• atomic_flag_test_and_set
• atomic_flag_clear

关于编译

-std=c11

例子

启动偶数个线程，每个线程循环固定次数对同一个atomic_int变量操作，一半进行加一操作，另一半进行减一操作。

#ifdef __STDC_NO_ATOMICS__ // since gcc 4.9
#error "Do not support C11 atomic"
#endif

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdatomic.h>
#include <pthread.h>

#define N_THREADS 8
#define LOOP_NUM 10000

typedef struct _job {
	atomic_int *pval;
	int *p_normal;
	int id;
} job;

static void *worker(void *arg)
{
	job *p_job = arg;
	if (p_job->id & 0x1) {
		for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_NUM; i++) {
			usleep(100);
			atomic_fetch_sub(p_job->pval, 1);
			*(p_job->p_normal) = *(p_job->p_normal) - 1;
		}
	} else {
		for (int i = 0; i < LOOP_NUM; i++) {
			usleep(100);
			atomic_fetch_add(p_job->pval, 1);
			*(p_job->p_normal) = *(p_job->p_normal) + 1;
		}
	}

    return NULL;
}

int main(int argc, char**argv)
{
	pthread_t threads[N_THREADS];
	job jobs[N_THREADS];
	atomic_int val = ATOMIC_VAR_INIT(0);
	int normal_val = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < N_THREADS; i++) {
		job *p_job = &jobs[i];
		p_job->pval = &val;
		p_job->p_normal = &normal_val;
		p_job->id = i;
		pthread_create(threads + i, NULL, worker, p_job);
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < N_THREADS; i++)
		pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);

	printf("normal: %d\n", normal_val);
	if (atomic_load(&val) != 0) {
		printf("test fail !!!\n");
	} else {
		printf("test pass.\n");
	}

	return 0;
}

请参考

• C11 Lock-free Stack
• An implementation of the C11 interface
• Toward a Better Use of C11 Atomics – Part 1
• Toward a Better Use of C11 Atomics – Part 2

引用原文：C11标准库中的atomic原子操作