C++力扣12 整数转罗马数字（中等）

输入：num = 1994

输出："MCMXCIV"

题意：将整数转罗马数字。罗马数字I-1，V-5，X-10，L-50，C-100，D-500，M-1000，除了这些数之外，其他数就由这些数表示，如II-2，XXVII-27，LIV-54。

1、企图用哈希表来做

只能枚举了。

class Solution {
public:
    string intToRoman(int num) {
        string result;
        unordered_map<int, string>hash = {
            {1, "I"}, {5, "V"}, {10, "X"}, {50, "L"},
            {100, "C"}, {500, "D"}, {1000, "M"}
        };
        while(num>=1000){
            result += "M";
            num -= 1000;
        }
        while(num>=900){
            result += "CM";
            num -= 900;
        }
        while(num>=500){
            result += "D";
            num -= 500;
        }
        while(num>=400){
            result += "CD";
            num -= 400;
        }
        while(num>=100){
            result += "C";
            num -= 100;
        }
        while(num>=90){
            result += "XC";
            num -= 90;
        }
        while(num>=50){
            result += "L";
            num -= 50;
        }
        while(num>=40){
            result += "XL";
            num -= 40;
        }
        while(num>=10){
            result += "X";
            num -= 10;
        }
        while(num>=9){
            result += "IX";
            num -= 9;
        }
        while(num>=5){
            result += "V";
            num -= 5;
        }
        while(num>=4){
            result += "IV";
            num -= 4;
        }
        while(num>=1){
            result += "I";
            num -= 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
};

2、看看官方咋搞

官方跟我上面写的一个意思。就是大大地精简了代码量。主要学到了pair的初始化和遍历。

class Solution {
public:
    string intToRoman(int num) {
        pair<int, string> pair[] = {
            {1000, "M"},
            {900, "CM"},
            {500, "D"}, 
            {400, "CD"}, 
            {100, "C"}, 
            {90, "XC"}, 
            {50, "L"},
            {40, "XL"},
            {10, "X"}, 
            {9, "IX"}, 
            {5, "V"}, 
            {4, "IV"}, 
            {1, "I"}, 
        };
        string result;
        for(auto &[value, symbol] : pair){
            while(num>=value){
                num -= value;
                result += symbol;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};