Hibernate 简单使用（五）多对多关联映射

上一篇我说了一下Hibernate一对多关联映射

这一次就说一下Hibernate多对多关联映射

讲个例子来说一下这个多对多关系吧~让我们更好的理解~

实例：一个学生对应多个课程，一个课程对应多个学生~

步骤如下：

1.写出POJO类来

Student类：

public class Student {

	private Long id;
	private String name;
	private Integer age;
	//一个学生有好多课程
	private Set<Course>courses=new HashSet<Course>();
	public Student() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public Student(Long id, String name, Integer age) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(Integer age) {
		this.age = age;
	}
	public Set<Course> getCourses() {
		return courses;
	}
	public void setCourses(Set<Course> courses) {
		this.courses = courses;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}
	
	
}

Course类：

public class Course {

	private Long id;
	private String name;
	private Integer credit;//学分
	//一门课也有好多学生上
	private Set<Student>students=new HashSet<Student>();
	public Course() {
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	public Course(Long id, String name, Integer credit) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.credit = credit;
	}
	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Integer getCredit() {
		return credit;
	}
	public void setCredit(Integer credit) {
		this.credit = credit;
	}
	public Set<Student> getStudents() {
		return students;
	}
	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
		this.students = students;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Course [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", credit=" + credit + "]";
	}
	
}

好了，POJO类就这样写好了~

2. 编写映射文件来双向维护表的关系~

student.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.xu.day5.many2many">

	<class name="Student" table="tb_student">
		<id name="id" column="id">
			<generator class="increment" />
			
		</id>
		<property name="name" />
		<property name="age" />
		
		<!-- 关联映射  -->
		<set name="courses" table="tb_student_course">
		   <!-- s_id在这里的意思就是让Student知道桥表tb_student_course是谁-是s_id -->
		    <!-- column="c_id"代表的是对应的类Student在桥表的外键是c_id -->
		    <key column="s_id" />
		    <many-to-many class="Course" column="c_id"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

course.hbm.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.xu.day5.many2many">

	<class name="Course" table="tb_course">
		<id name="id" column="id">
			<generator class="increment" />
			
		</id>
		<property name="name" />
		<property name="credit" />
		
		<!-- 关联映射  -->
		<!-- table="tb_student_course"代表的是多对多组成了一张新表 -->
		<!-- key column="c_id"代表的是要让Course表知道桥表tb_student_course的外键是谁-c_id-->
		<!-- column="s_id"代表的是对应的类Course在桥表的外键是s_id -->
		<set name="students" table="tb_student_course">
		    <key column="c_id"/>
		    <many-to-many class="Student" column="s_id"></many-to-many>
		</set>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

我就不一一解释了，注释写的很清楚，不懂的可以一起讨论~

3.把映射文件集成到配置文件中~

hibernate.cfg.xml:

写上俩行代码就行：

		<mapping resource="com/xu/day5/many2many/student.hbm.xml" /> 
		<mapping resource="com/xu/day5/many2many/course.hbm.xml" /> 

4.最后写个测试类Main~

模拟几个功能~

（1）学生报名

public class Main {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 		Session session=HibernateSessioFactory.getSession();
 		Transaction tr=session.beginTransaction();
 		System.out.println(1111111);
 		
 		//学生报名
 		Student s1=new Student(null, "张三", 10);
 		Student s2=new Student(null, "李四", 25);
 		session.save(s1);
 		session.save(s2);	
 		tr.commit();
	
	}
}

效果图如下：

（2）录入课程

 		//录入课程
 		Course course1=new Course(null, "Java", 2);
 		Course course2=new Course(null, "c#", 4);
 		Course course3=new Course(null, "语文", 3);
 		session.save(course1);
 		session.save(course2);
 		session.save(course3);

效果图就不贴了~

（3）学生登录

                //学生登录
 		String hql="from Student where name=?";
		Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
		query.setString(0, "张三");
		Student student=(Student) query.uniqueResult();

（4）查询课程

               String hql2="from Course where name=?";
		Query query2=session.createQuery(hql2);
		query2.setString(0, "c#");
		Course course=(Course) query2.uniqueResult();

（5）选课

student.getCourses().add(course);

（6）查询选课

		//查询选课
		Set<Course>courses=student.getCourses();
		for(Course course1:courses){
			System.out.println(course1);
		}

注意：

  在映射元素上反应的是关联关系，由于多对多需要使用桥表来维护关联关系，所以需要在set元素中添加table元素用来指定桥表，key元素中的column属性表示本类在桥表中的外键。many-to-many表示对应的另外一方，其中的column属性表示对应的类在桥表中的外键。

好了，多对多关联映射其实不难，最重要的是要理解~

其实多对多关系还可以简化一点，下篇我再说~