Android中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息

Android中使用GPS和NetWork获取定位信息

在Android中定位是属于危险权限，需要在添加Mainfest.xml中添加。

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

如果在Android6.0级以上系统，需要 动态的申请权限，也可以使用封装好 权限管理库。

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定位的几种方式

在Android系统当中，给我们提供了四种定位方式，分别是：

• network

  它是依靠信号塔或WiFi来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER，是一种低精度，低耗电的初略定位方式。

• gps

  它是依靠GPS来定位的。对应的provider字段是LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER，是高精度，高耗电的精准定位方式。

• passive

  被动的获取定位信息，通过接受其他APP或service的定位信息。不过需要这个权限ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION。

  <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION" />

• fused

  Google已经将这个定位方式hide了。

---

获取定位的api封装

public class LocationUtils {

    private static final long REFRESH_TIME = 5000L;
    private static final float METER_POSITION = 0.0f;
    private static ILocationListener mLocationListener;
    private static LocationListener listener = new MyLocationListener();

    private static class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener {
        @Override
        public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {//定位改变监听
            if (mLocationListener != null) {
                mLocationListener.onSuccessLocation(location);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {//定位状态监听

        }

        @Override
        public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {//定位状态可用监听

        }

        @Override
        public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {//定位状态不可用监听

        }
    }

    /**
     * GPS获取定位方式
     */
    public static Location getGPSLocation(@NonNull Context context) {
        Location location = null;
        LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
        //高版本的权限检查
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return null;
        }
        if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持GPS定位
            //获取最后的GPS定位信息，如果是第一次打开，一般会拿不到定位信息，一般可以请求监听，在有效的时间范围可以获取定位信息
            location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER);
        }
        return location;
    }

    /**
     * network获取定位方式
     */
    public static Location getNetWorkLocation(Context context) {
        Location location = null;
        LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
        //高版本的权限检查
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return null;
        }
        if (manager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER)) {//是否支持Network定位
            //获取最后的network定位信息
            location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER);
        }
        return location;
    }

    /**
     * 获取最好的定位方式
     */
    public static Location getBestLocation(Context context, Criteria criteria) {
        Location location;
        LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
        if (criteria == null) {
            criteria = new Criteria();
        }
        String provider = manager.getBestProvider(criteria, true);
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(provider)) {
            //如果找不到最适合的定位，使用network定位
            location = getNetWorkLocation(context);
        } else {
            //高版本的权限检查
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return null;
            }
            //获取最适合的定位方式的最后的定位权限
            location = manager.getLastKnownLocation(provider);
        }
        return location;
    }

    /**
     * 定位监听
     */
    public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, ILocationListener locationListener) {

        addLocationListener(context, provider, REFRESH_TIME, METER_POSITION, locationListener);
    }

    /**
     * 定位监听
     */
    public static void addLocationListener(Context context, String provider, long time, float meter, ILocationListener locationListener) {
        if (locationListener != null) {
            mLocationListener = locationListener;
        }
        if (listener == null) {
            listener = new MyLocationListener();
        }
        LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            return;
        }
        manager.requestLocationUpdates(provider, time, meter, listener);
    }

    /**
     * 取消定位监听
     */
    public static void unRegisterListener(Context context) {
        if (listener != null) {
            LocationManager manager = getLocationManager(context);
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    && ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
            //移除定位监听
            manager.removeUpdates(listener);
        }
    }

    private static LocationManager getLocationManager(@NonNull Context context) {
        return (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
    }

    /**
     * 自定义接口
     */
    public interface ILocationListener {
        void onSuccessLocation(Location location);
    }
}

---

获取定位使用实例

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private boolean flag;
    private Button gsp_btn;
    private Button network_btn;
    private Button best_btn;
    private static Context context;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        context = getApplicationContext();

        initView();
        initListener();
    }

    private void initListener() {
        gsp_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
        network_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
        best_btn.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        initPermission();//针对6.0以上版本做权限适配
    }

    private void initView() {
        gsp_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.gps);
        network_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.net);
        best_btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.best);
    }

    private void initPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            //检查权限
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //请求权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1);
            } else {
                flag = true;
            }
        } else {
            flag = true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 权限的结果回调函数
     */
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == 1) {
            flag = grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED && grantResults[1] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.gps:
                if (flag) {
                    getGPSLocation();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.net:
                if (flag) {
                    getNetworkLocation();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.best:
                if (flag) {
                    getBestLocation();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this, "no permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通过GPS获取定位信息
     */
    public void getGPSLocation() {
        Location gps = LocationUtils.getGPSLocation(this);
        if (gps == null) {
            //设置定位监听，因为GPS定位，第一次进来可能获取不到，通过设置监听，可以在有效的时间范围内获取定位信息
            LocationUtils.addLocationListener(context, LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, new LocationUtils.ILocationListener() {
                @Override
                public void onSuccessLocation(Location location) {
                    if (location != null) {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps onSuccessLocation location:  lat==" + location.getLatitude() + "     lng==" + location.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    } else {
                        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "gps location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    }
                }
            });
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "gps location: lat==" + gps.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + gps.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 通过网络等获取定位信息
     */
    private void getNetworkLocation() {
        Location net = LocationUtils.getNetWorkLocation(this);
        if (net == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, "net location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "network location: lat==" + net.getLatitude() + "  lng==" + net.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 采用最好的方式获取定位信息
     */
    private void getBestLocation() {
        Criteria c = new Criteria();//Criteria类是设置定位的标准信息（系统会根据你的要求，匹配最适合你的定位供应商），一个定位的辅助信息的类
        c.setPowerRequirement(Criteria.POWER_LOW);//设置低耗电
        c.setAltitudeRequired(true);//设置需要海拔
        c.setBearingAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_COARSE);//设置COARSE精度标准
        c.setAccuracy(Criteria.ACCURACY_LOW);//设置低精度
        //... Criteria 还有其他属性，就不一一介绍了
        Location best = LocationUtils.getBestLocation(this, c);
        if (best == null) {
            Toast.makeText(this, " best location is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(this, "best location: lat==" + best.getLatitude() + " lng==" + best.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

}

关于GPS定位的信息还有比较多的内容，在API24中GpsStauts类过时，使用GnssStatus类替换，同时在LocationManager中的一些GPS状态的监听，也被新的API退换。