事务示例之转账

事务示例之转账

1.创建数据库，填充数据：

数据库名称db_account，表名tb_account，插入几条数据。

2.配置数据库信息

在项目的WebContent/META-INF目录下创建一个context.xml文件。如图:

在context.xml文件中配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Context>      
    <Resource name="jdbc/account" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource"
    maxActive="100" maxIdle="30" maxWait="10000"
    username="root" password="root" driverClassName="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
    url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_account"/>
</Context>

这里采用的是Javaweb自带的DBCP配置，详细参考Javaweb配置常用的数据源配置

3.创建项目结构

如图：

• AccountDao

  public interface AccountDao {
      /**
       * 更新账户
       * @param account
       */
      public boolean updateAccount(Account account) throws SQLException;  
  
      /**
       * 查找账户
       * @param account
       * @return
       */
      public Account findAccountByName(String account);
  }

• AccountDaoImpl

  public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao{
  
      public AccountDaoImpl() {
  
      }
  
      @Override
      public boolean updateAccount(Account account) {
          Connection conn = ManagerThreadLocal.getConn();
          if(conn==null){
              throw new NullPointerException("Connection is null");
          }
  
          PreparedStatement ps = null;
          try {
               ps = conn.prepareStatement("update tb_account set money=? where name=?");
               if(ps==null){
                   throw new NullPointerException("PreparedStatement is null");
               }
               ps.setDouble(1, account.getMoney());
               ps.setString(2, account.getName());
               int i = ps.executeUpdate();
               return i>0;
  
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
  
          return false;
      }
  
      @Override
      public Account findAccountByName(String account) {
  
          Connection conn = ManagerThreadLocal.getConn();
  
          if(conn==null){
              throw new NullPointerException("Connection is null");
          }
  
          Account a = null;
          PreparedStatement ps = null;
          ResultSet rs = null;
          try {
               ps = conn.prepareStatement("select name,money from tb_account where name=?");
               if(ps==null){
                   throw new NullPointerException("PreparedStatement is null");
               }
               ps.setString(1, account);
  
               rs = ps.executeQuery();
               if(rs==null){
                   throw new NullPointerException("ResultSet is null");
               }
  
               if(rs.next()){
                   a = new Account();
                   a.setName(rs.getString(1));
                   a.setMoney(rs.getDouble(2));
                   return a;
               }
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
  
          return a;
      }
  }
  

• Account

  public class Account {
      private int id;
      private String name;
      private double money;
      public int getId() {
          return id;
      }
      public void setId(int id) {
          this.id = id;
      }
      public String getName() {
          return name;
      }
      public void setName(String name) {
          this.name = name;
      }
      public double getMoney() {
          return money;
      }
      public void setMoney(double money) {
          this.money = money;
      }
      @Override
      public String toString() {
          return "Account [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", money=" + money + "]";
      }   
     }

• AccountService

   public interface AccountService {
          /**
           * 转账
           * @param fromName
           * @param toName
           * @param money
           */
          public void transfer(String fromName,String toName,double money);
      }

• AccountServiceImpl

  public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService{
  
      @Override
      public void transfer(String fromName, String toName, double money) {
  
          AccountDao accountDao = new AccountDaoImpl();
          Account fromAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(fromName);
          if(fromAccount==null){
              throw new RuntimeException("你的账户不存在");
          }
          if(money > fromAccount.getMoney()){
              throw new RuntimeException("你的账户的钱不够");
          }
          fromAccount.setMoney(fromAccount.getMoney() - money);
  
          Account toAccount = accountDao.findAccountByName(toName);
          if(toAccount==null){
              throw new RuntimeException("对方的账户不存在");
          }
          toAccount.setMoney(toAccount.getMoney() + money);
  
          //开启事务
          ManagerThreadLocal.startTransaction();
  
          try {
                      accountDao.updateAccount(fromAccount);
              //int i = 10/0; //测试事务代码
              accountDao.updateAccount(toAccount);
              //提交事务
              ManagerThreadLocal.commit();
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              //事务回滚
              ManagerThreadLocal.rollback();
              e.printStackTrace();
          }finally {
              ManagerThreadLocal.close();
          }
      }
  }

• TransferServlet

      @WebServlet({ "/TransferServlet", "/transfer" })
  public class TransferServlet extends HttpServlet {
      private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
  
          public TransferServlet() {
              super();
  
          }
  
      protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
  
          AccountService accountService = new AccountServiceImpl();
          accountService.transfer("10010", "10000", 100);
  
  
      }
  
      protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
          doGet(request, response);
      }
  
  }

• ManagerThreadLocal

  public class ManagerThreadLocal {
  
      private static ThreadLocal<Connection> tl = new ThreadLocal<>();
  
      private static Connection getConnection(){
          Connection conn  = null;
          try {
              Context context = new InitialContext();
              DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) context.lookup("java:/comp/env/jdbc/account");
              conn = (Connection) dataSource.getConnection();
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          } catch (NamingException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
          return conn;
      }
  
      public static Connection getConn(){
          Connection conn = null;
          conn = tl.get();
          if(conn==null){
              conn = getConnection();
              tl.set(conn);
          }
          return conn;
      }
  
      public static void startTransaction(){
          try {
              getConn().setAutoCommit(false);
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  
      public static void commit(){
          try {
              getConn().commit();
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  
      public static void rollback(){
          try {
              getConn().rollback();
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  
      public static void close(){
          try {
              getConn().close();
              tl.remove();
          } catch (SQLException e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
      }
  }

ManagerThreadLocal的作用是通过ThreadLocal类（内部是由Map实现）缓存一个Connection对象，保证连接的conn对象是同一个，将Connection对象解耦出来，实现事务操作（保证了事务的conn对象是同一个）

执行结果：注释AccountServiceImpl类中transfer方法中的如下代码，数据库数据同时改变，注释打开，数据保持不变。

//int i = 10/0; //测试事务代码