SharedPreferences简介
SharedPreferences是基于key-value（键值对）来存储一些轻量数据的存储方式，实质是用xml文件存放数据，文件存放在/data/data/<应用包名>/shared_prefs，适用于保存软件配置参数。
使用方式
写入
SharedPreferences preferences = getSharedPreferences("sharedPrefFile", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
preferences.edit().putString("string", "string").commit();
读取
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("sharedPrefFile", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
String str = sharedPreferences.getString("string", "default");
1、getSharedPreferences()
SharedPreferences本身是一个接口，程序无法直接创建SharedPreferences实例，只能通过Context提供的getSharedPreferences(String name,int mode)方法来获取SharedPreferences实例，getSharedPreferences的具体实现是在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ContextImpl.java
@Override
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode) {
// At least one application in the world actually passes in a null
// name. This happened to work because when we generated the file name
// we would stringify it to "null.xml". Nice.
if (mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion <
Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
if (name == null) {
name = "null";
}
}
File file;
synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
if (mSharedPrefsPaths == null) {
mSharedPrefsPaths = new ArrayMap<>();
}
file = mSharedPrefsPaths.get(name);
if (file == null) {
file = getSharedPreferencesPath(name);
mSharedPrefsPaths.put(name, file);
}
}
return getSharedPreferences(file, mode);
}
//创建xml文件
@Override
public File getSharedPreferencesPath(String name) {
return makeFilename(getPreferencesDir(), name + ".xml");
}
//shared_prefs目录
private File getPreferencesDir() {
synchronized (mSync) {
if (mPreferencesDir == null) {
mPreferencesDir = new File(getDataDir(), "shared_prefs");
}
return ensurePrivateDirExists(mPreferencesDir);
}
}
@Override
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(File file, int mode) {
SharedPreferencesImpl sp;
synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
final ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> cache = getSharedPreferencesCacheLocked();
sp = cache.get(file);
if (sp == null) {
checkMode(mode);
if (getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (isCredentialProtectedStorage()
&& !getSystemService(UserManager.class)
.isUserUnlockingOrUnlocked(UserHandle.myUserId())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("SharedPreferences in credential encrypted "
+ "storage are not available until after user is unlocked");
}
}
sp = new SharedPreferencesImpl(file, mode);
cache.put(file, sp);
return sp;
}
}
if ((mode & Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0 ||
getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
// If somebody else (some other process) changed the prefs
// file behind our back, we reload it. This has been the
// historical (if undocumented) behavior.
sp.startReloadIfChangedUnexpectedly();
}
return sp;
}
@GuardedBy("ContextImpl.class")
private ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> getSharedPreferencesCacheLocked() {
if (sSharedPrefsCache == null) {
sSharedPrefsCache = new ArrayMap<>();
}
final String packageName = getPackageName();
ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> packagePrefs = sSharedPrefsCache.get(packageName);
if (packagePrefs == null) {
packagePrefs = new ArrayMap<>();
sSharedPrefsCache.put(packageName, packagePrefs);
}
return packagePrefs;
}
SharedPreferencesImpl(File file, int mode) {
mFile = file;
mBackupFile = makeBackupFile(file);
mMode = mode;
mLoaded = false;
mMap = null;
mThrowable = null;
startLoadFromDisk();
}
private void startLoadFromDisk() {
synchronized (mLock) {
mLoaded = false;
}
new Thread("SharedPreferencesImpl-load") {
public void run() {
loadFromDisk();
}
}.start();
}
private void loadFromDisk() {
synchronized (mLock) {
if (mLoaded) {
return;
}
if (mBackupFile.exists()) {
mFile.delete();
mBackupFile.renameTo(mFile);
}
}
// Debugging
if (mFile.exists() && !mFile.canRead()) {
Log.w(TAG, "Attempt to read preferences file " + mFile + " without permission");
}
Map<String, Object> map = null;
StructStat stat = null;
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
stat = Os.stat(mFile.getPath());
if (mFile.canRead()) {
BufferedInputStream str = null;
try {
str = new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(mFile), 16 * 1024);
map = (Map<String, Object>) XmlUtils.readMapXml(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.w(TAG, "Cannot read " + mFile.getAbsolutePath(), e);
} finally {
IoUtils.closeQuietly(str);
}
}
} catch (ErrnoException e) {
// An errno exception means the stat failed. Treat as empty/non-existing by
// ignoring.
} catch (Throwable t) {
thrown = t;
}
synchronized (mLock) {
mLoaded = true;
mThrowable = thrown;
// It's important that we always signal waiters, even if we'll make
// them fail with an exception. The try-finally is pretty wide, but
// better safe than sorry.
try {
if (thrown == null) {
if (map != null) {
mMap = map;
mStatTimestamp = stat.st_mtim;
mStatSize = stat.st_size;
} else {
mMap = new HashMap<>();
}
}
// In case of a thrown exception, we retain the old map. That allows
// any open editors to commit and store updates.
} catch (Throwable t) {
mThrowable = t;
} finally {
mLock.notifyAll();
}
}
}
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode);
SharedPreferencesImpl是SharedPreferences接口的具体实现类，一个name对应一个SharedPreferencesImpl，一个应用程序中根据name的不同会有多个SharedPreferencesImpl。
SharedPreferences是在主线程还是子线程呢？如何保证数据同步？
从startLoadFromDisk方法中可以看到，读取数据开启了一个新的线程，同时通过lock对象加锁来保证同步。通过loadFromDisk方法从xml中解析数据，数据解析后存储在Map数据集合中，解析方式是xml的pull解析。当解析结束之后释放锁。
2、edit()
位于SharedPreferencesImpl，EditorImpl是Editor实现类。
@Override
public Editor edit() {
synchronized (mLock) {
awaitLoadedLocked();
}
return new EditorImpl();
}
public final class EditorImpl implements Editor {
private final Object mEditorLock = new Object();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private final Map<String, Object> mModified = new HashMap<>();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private boolean mClear = false;
@Override
public Editor putString(String key, @Nullable String value) {
synchronized (mEditorLock) {
mModified.put(key, value);
return this;
}
}
...省略部分代码...
}
3、putString()
@Override
public Editor edit() {
synchronized (mLock) {
awaitLoadedLocked();
}
return new EditorImpl();
}
public final class EditorImpl implements Editor {
private final Object mEditorLock = new Object();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private final Map<String, Object> mModified = new HashMap<>();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private boolean mClear = false;
@Override
public Editor putString(String key, @Nullable String value) {
synchronized (mEditorLock) {
mModified.put(key, value);
return this;
}
}
...省略部分代码...
}
4、commit()和apply()
@Override
public Editor edit() {
synchronized (mLock) {
awaitLoadedLocked();
}
return new EditorImpl();
}
public final class EditorImpl implements Editor {
private final Object mEditorLock = new Object();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private final Map<String, Object> mModified = new HashMap<>();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private boolean mClear = false;
@Override
public Editor putString(String key, @Nullable String value) {
synchronized (mEditorLock) {
mModified.put(key, value);
return this;
}
}
...省略部分代码...
@Override
public void apply() {
final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
final MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();
final Runnable awaitCommit = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
}
if (DEBUG && mcr.wasWritten) {
Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
+ " applied after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
+ " ms");
}
}
};
QueuedWork.addFinisher(awaitCommit);
Runnable postWriteRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
awaitCommit.run();
QueuedWork.removeFinisher(awaitCommit);
}
};
SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(mcr, postWriteRunnable);
// Okay to notify the listeners before it's hit disk
// because the listeners should always get the same
// SharedPreferences instance back, which has the
// changes reflected in memory.
notifyListeners(mcr);
}
@Override
public boolean commit() {
long startTime = 0;
if (DEBUG) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();
SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(
mcr, null /* sync write on this thread okay */);
try {
mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
return false;
} finally {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
+ " committed after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
+ " ms");
}
}
notifyListeners(mcr);
return mcr.writeToDiskResult;
}
}
//写入数据的地方
private MemoryCommitResult commitToMemory() {
long memoryStateGeneration;
List<String> keysModified = null;
Set<OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener> listeners = null;
Map<String, Object> mapToWriteToDisk;
synchronized (SharedPreferencesImpl.this.mLock) {
// We optimistically don't make a deep copy until
// a memory commit comes in when we're already
// writing to disk.
if (mDiskWritesInFlight > 0) {
// We can't modify our mMap as a currently
// in-flight write owns it. Clone it before
// modifying it.
// noinspection unchecked
mMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(mMap);
}
mapToWriteToDisk = mMap;
mDiskWritesInFlight++;
boolean hasListeners = mListeners.size() > 0;
if (hasListeners) {
keysModified = new ArrayList<String>();
listeners = new HashSet<OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener>(mListeners.keySet());
}
synchronized (mEditorLock) {
boolean changesMade = false;
if (mClear) {
if (!mapToWriteToDisk.isEmpty()) {
changesMade = true;
mapToWriteToDisk.clear();
}
mClear = false;
}
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : mModified.entrySet()) {
String k = e.getKey();
Object v = e.getValue();
// "this" is the magic value for a removal mutation. In addition,
// setting a value to "null" for a given key is specified to be
// equivalent to calling remove on that key.
if (v == this || v == null) {
if (!mapToWriteToDisk.containsKey(k)) {
continue;
}
mapToWriteToDisk.remove(k);
} else {
if (mapToWriteToDisk.containsKey(k)) {
Object existingValue = mapToWriteToDisk.get(k);
if (existingValue != null && existingValue.equals(v)) {
continue;
}
}
mapToWriteToDisk.put(k, v);
}
changesMade = true;
if (hasListeners) {
keysModified.add(k);
}
}
mModified.clear();
if (changesMade) {
mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration++;
}
memoryStateGeneration = mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration;
}
}
return new MemoryCommitResult(memoryStateGeneration, keysModified, listeners,
mapToWriteToDisk);
}
commit()：
- commitToMemory()将写操作的数据同步到内存的SharedPreferences.mMap中（将mModified同步到mMap）
- 调用enqueueDiskWrite方法将数据写入到磁盘上
- mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();同步等待写磁盘操作完成
- 监听并返回执行结果。return mcr.writeToDiskResult;
apply()：
- commitToMemory()将写操作的数据同步到内存的SharedPreferences.mMap中（将mModified同步到mMap）
- 通过enqueueDiskWrite方法调用writeToFile将方法将所有数据异步写入到磁盘中
commit()和apply()区别：
- commit()：同步存储，线程安全，性能慢，在当前线程完成文件操作，会有返回值；
- apply()：异步存储，线程不安全，性能高，异步处理I/O操作，没有返回值。
写入数据时如果不需要返回值就用apply进行提交，异步来将数据写入xml文件，提高性能。
5、getString()
@Override
@Nullable
public String getString(String key, @Nullable String defValue) {
synchronized (mLock) {
awaitLoadedLocked();
String v = (String)mMap.get(key);
return v != null ? v : defValue;
}
}
@GuardedBy("mLock")
private void awaitLoadedLocked() {
if (!mLoaded) {
// Raise an explicit StrictMode onReadFromDisk for this
// thread, since the real read will be in a different
// thread and otherwise ignored by StrictMode.
BlockGuard.getThreadPolicy().onReadFromDisk();
}
while (!mLoaded) {
try {
mLock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException unused) {
}
}
if (mThrowable != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(mThrowable);
}
}
通过等待加载完成锁来判断是否加载完成，如果数据已经从xml文件中异步解析完成，则从mMap集合中读取数据。读取都是从内存中取的数据，数据来源于SharedPreferences.mMap。
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