10.
OO原则:好莱坞原则——别找(调用)我,我会(调用)找你。
OO模式:模板方法模式——在一个方法中定义一个算法的骨架,而将一些步骤延迟到子类中。模板方法使得子类可以在不改变算法结构的情况下,重新定义算法中的某些步骤。
例子:冲泡咖啡和茶的准备工作
public abstract class CaffeineBeverage {
final void prepareRecipe() {
boilWater();
brew();
pourInCup();
addCondiments();
}
abstract void brew();
abstract void addCondiments();
void boilWater() {
System.out.println("Boiling water");
}
void pourInCup() {
System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
}
}
public class Coffee extends CaffeineBeverage {
public void brew() {
System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
}
public void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
}
}
public class Tea extends CaffeineBeverage { public void brew() { System.out.println("Steeping the tea"); } public void addCondiments() { System.out.println("Adding Lemon"); } }
以下是上述类的关系图:
从上面我们可以看到,prepareRecipe()就是我们的模板方法,而brew()和addCondiments()需要子类提供方法实现。
public abstract class CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
final void prepareRecipe() {
boilWater();
brew();
pourInCup();
if (customerWantsCondiments()) {
addCondiments();
}
}
abstract void brew();
abstract void addCondiments();
void boilWater() {
System.out.println("Boiling water");
}
void pourInCup() {
System.out.println("Pouring into cup");
}
boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
return true;
}
}
import java.io.*;
public class CoffeeWithHook extends CaffeineBeverageWithHook {
public void brew() {
System.out.println("Dripping Coffee through filter");
}
public void addCondiments() {
System.out.println("Adding Sugar and Milk");
}
public boolean customerWantsCondiments() {
String answer = getUserInput();
if (answer.toLowerCase().startsWith("y")) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
private String getUserInput() {
String answer = null;
System.out.print("Would you like milk and sugar with your coffee (y/n)? ");
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try {
answer = in.readLine();
} catch (IOException ioe) {
System.err.println("IO error trying to read your answer");
}
if (answer == null) {
return "no";
}
return answer;
}
}
在此比较一下策略模式、模板方法模式、工厂方法模式:
策略模式:封装可互换的行为,然后使用委托来决定要采用哪一个行为;(用组合实现)
模板方法模式:子类决定如何是想算法中的步骤;(用继承实现)
工厂方法模式:由子类决定实例化那个具体类。(模板方法模式的一个特殊版本)