使用scrapy来找出微博上没有加好友的熟人

于 2020-02-27 21:27:58 发布
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分类专栏： 技术解决问题 爬虫 Python 文章标签： python 数据分析 微博
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33833073/article/details/104538979
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背景介绍

我微博玩的晚，同学里面加上好友的也就40不到，为了把那些隐藏的好友揪出来。用scrapy写一个爬虫试一试。

思路

微博上面关注和粉丝都是公开的数据，可以用爬虫获取到的。而一个好友圈子里面的人，相互粉的比例也会比较大。这就是找到隐藏的好友的一个切入点。于是思路如下：

  1. 从自己的账号入手，先抓取自己关注的人和自己的粉丝（0级好友）
  2. 从第一批抓的数据开始，继续爬取0级好友的关注人和粉丝
  3. 在爬取的数据中分析他们的网络关系，找到可能是自己好友的人

遇到的问题

  1. 爬取的数据量需要控制，每级迭代，用户的数量都是爆炸式的增长，需要进行一定筛选
  2. 爬取的速度的限制，我的破电脑实测爬取速度大概在17page/min
  3. 小心大V账号的陷阱，在爬取人物关系的时候，一定要把大V的账号剔除掉！，粉丝页每页只能显示10人左右，有的大V一个人就百万粉丝，爬虫就卡在这一个号里面出不来了。

分析了这些，下面就开始搞了

具体实现

非常幸运地在网上别人搞好的一个爬取微博数据的框架，可以拿来改一改，这个框架是包含爬取微博内容，评论，用户信息，用户关系的。微博内容和评论我是不需要的，我就拿来改成只爬取用户信息和关系的就可以了。

我的主要改动如下：

  1. 删除爬取评论和微博的部分
  2. 将爬取的起始id变成从json文件读取（为了动态指定爬取范围）
  3. 新增加一个只爬取用户信息的爬虫，提高效率（原有爬虫专门爬取用户关系）

整个项目结构是：用scrapy作为爬虫的框架，有两个爬虫，weibo_spider.py用来爬取用户关系；weibo_userinfo用来爬取用户资料。爬取的数据存在mongodb中。另外有一个程序spider_control.py专门指定爬取的id的范围，将待爬取的id存在start_uids.json文件中，两个爬虫文件从这个json文件指定爬取的范围。

爬取用户关系的weibo_spider.py代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# # encoding: utf-8
import re
from lxml import etree
from scrapy import Spider
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
from sina.items import TweetsItem, InformationItem, RelationshipsItem, CommentItem
from sina.spiders.utils import time_fix, extract_weibo_content, extract_comment_content
import time
import json


class WeiboSpider(Spider):
    name = "weibo_spider"
    base_url = "https://weibo.cn"

    def start_requests(self):
        with open('start_uids.json','r') as f:
            data = json.load(f)
            start_uids = data["start_uids"]
        for uid in start_uids:
            yield Request(url="https://weibo.cn/%s/info" % uid, callback=self.parse_information)

    def parse_information(self, response):
        """ 抓取个人信息 """
        information_item = InformationItem()
        information_item['crawl_time'] = int(time.time())
        selector = Selector(response)
        information_item['_id'] = re.findall('(\d+)/info', response.url)[0]
        text1 = ";".join(selector.xpath('body/div[@class="c"]//text()').extract())  # 获取标签里的所有text()
        nick_name = re.findall('昵称;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        gender = re.findall('性别;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        place = re.findall('地区;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        briefIntroduction = re.findall('简介;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        birthday = re.findall('生日;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        sex_orientation = re.findall('性取向;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        sentiment = re.findall('感情状况;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        vip_level = re.findall('会员等级;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        authentication = re.findall('认证;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        labels = re.findall('标签;?[：:]?(.*?)更多>>', text1)
        if nick_name and nick_name[0]:
            information_item["nick_name"] = nick_name[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if gender and gender[0]:
            information_item["gender"] = gender[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if place and place[0]:
            place = place[0].replace(u"\xa0", "").split(" ")
            information_item["province"] = place[0]
            if len(place) > 1:
                information_item["city"] = place[1]
        if briefIntroduction and briefIntroduction[0]:
            information_item["brief_introduction"] = briefIntroduction[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if birthday and birthday[0]:
            information_item['birthday'] = birthday[0]
        if sex_orientation and sex_orientation[0]:
            if sex_orientation[0].replace(u"\xa0", "") == gender[0]:
                information_item["sex_orientation"] = "同性恋"
            else:
                information_item["sex_orientation"] = "异性恋"
        if sentiment and sentiment[0]:
            information_item["sentiment"] = sentiment[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if vip_level and vip_level[0]:
            information_item["vip_level"] = vip_level[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if authentication and authentication[0]:
            information_item["authentication"] = authentication[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if labels and labels[0]:
            information_item["labels"] = labels[0].replace(u"\xa0", ",").replace(';', '').strip(',')
        request_meta = response.meta
        request_meta['item'] = information_item
        yield Request(self.base_url + '/u/{}'.format(information_item['_id']),
                      callback=self.parse_further_information,
                      meta=request_meta, dont_filter=True, priority=1)

    def parse_further_information(self, response):
        text = response.text
        information_item = response.meta['item']
        tweets_num = re.findall('微博\[(\d+)\]', text)
        if tweets_num:
            information_item['tweets_num'] = int(tweets_num[0])
        follows_num = re.findall('关注\[(\d+)\]', text)
        if follows_num:
            information_item['follows_num'] = int(follows_num[0])
        fans_num = re.findall('粉丝\[(\d+)\]', text)
        if fans_num:
            information_item['fans_num'] = int(fans_num[0])
        request_meta = response.meta
        request_meta['item'] = information_item
        yield information_item

        # 获取关注列表
        yield Request(url=self.base_url + '/{}/follow?page=1'.format(information_item['_id']),
                      callback=self.parse_follow,
                      meta=request_meta,
                      dont_filter=True)

        # 获取粉丝列表
        yield Request(url=self.base_url + '/{}/fans?page=1'.format(information_item['_id']),
                      callback=self.parse_fans,
                      meta=request_meta,
                      dont_filter=True)

    def parse_follow(self, response):
        """
        抓取关注列表
        """
        # 如果是第1页，一次性获取后面的所有页
        if response.url.endswith('page=1'):
            all_page = re.search(r'/>&nbsp;1/(\d+)页</div>', response.text)
            if all_page:
                all_page = all_page.group(1)
                all_page = int(all_page)
                for page_num in range(2, all_page + 1):
                    page_url = response.url.replace('page=1', 'page={}'.format(page_num))
                    yield Request(page_url, self.parse_follow, dont_filter=True, meta=response.meta)
        selector = Selector(response)
        id_username_pair = re.findall('<a href="https://weibo.cn/u/(\d+)">(.{0,30})</a>',response.text)
        # urls = selector.xpath('//a[text()="关注他" or text()="关注她" or text()="取消关注"]/@href').extract()
        # uids = re.findall('uid=(\d+)', ";".join(urls), re.S)
        uids = [item[0] for item in id_username_pair]
        followed_names = [item[1] for item in id_username_pair]
        ID = re.findall('(\d+)/follow', response.url)[0]
        for uid, followed_name in zip(uids,followed_names):
            relationships_item = RelationshipsItem()
            relationships_item['crawl_time'] = int(time.time())
            relationships_item["fan_id"] = ID
            relationships_item["followed_id"] = uid
            relationships_item["_id"] = ID + '-' + uid
            relationships_item['fan_name'] = response.meta['item']['nick_name']
            relationships_item['followed_name'] = followed_name
            yield relationships_item

    def parse_fans(self, response):
        """
        抓取粉丝列表
        """
        # 如果是第1页，一次性获取后面的所有页
        if response.url.endswith('page=1'):
            all_page = re.search(r'/>&nbsp;1/(\d+)页</div>', response.text)
            if all_page:
                all_page = all_page.group(1)
                all_page = int(all_page)
                for page_num in range(2, all_page + 1):
                    page_url = response.url.replace('page=1', 'page={}'.format(page_num))
                    yield Request(page_url, self.parse_fans, dont_filter=True, meta=response.meta)
        selector = Selector(response)
        id_username_pair = re.findall('<a href="https://weibo.cn/u/(\d+)">(.{0,30})</a>', response.text)
        # urls = selector.xpath('//a[text()="关注他" or text()="关注她" or text()="取消关注"]/@href').extract()
        # uids = re.findall('uid=(\d+)', ";".join(urls), re.S)
        uids = [item[0] for item in id_username_pair]
        fan_names = [item[1] for item in id_username_pair]
        ID = re.findall('(\d+)/fans', response.url)[0]
        for uid, fan_name in zip(uids,fan_names):
            relationships_item = RelationshipsItem()
            relationships_item['crawl_time'] = int(time.time())
            relationships_item["fan_id"] = uid
            relationships_item["followed_id"] = ID
            relationships_item["_id"] = uid + '-' + ID
            relationships_item['fan_name'] = fan_name
            relationships_item['followed_name'] = response.meta['item']['nick_name']
            yield relationships_item


if __name__ == "__main__":
    process = CrawlerProcess(get_project_settings())
    process.crawl('weibo_spider')
    process.start()

只爬取用户资料的weibo_userinfo.py代码如下：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import re
from lxml import etree
from scrapy import Spider
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
from scrapy.selector import Selector
from scrapy.http import Request
from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings
from sina.items import TweetsItem, InformationItem, RelationshipsItem, CommentItem
from sina.spiders.utils import time_fix, extract_weibo_content, extract_comment_content
import time
import json


class WeiboUserinfoSpider(Spider):
    name = "weibo_userinfo"
    base_url = "https://weibo.cn"

    def start_requests(self):
        with open('start_uids.json', 'r') as f:
            data = json.load(f)
            start_uids = data["start_uids"]
        # start_uids = [
        #     '6505979820',  # 我
        #     #'1699432410'  # 新华社
        # ]
        for uid in start_uids:
            yield Request(url="https://weibo.cn/%s/info" % uid, callback=self.parse_information)

    def parse_information(self, response):
        """ 抓取个人信息 """
        information_item = InformationItem()
        information_item['crawl_time'] = int(time.time())
        selector = Selector(response)
        information_item['_id'] = re.findall('(\d+)/info', response.url)[0]
        text1 = ";".join(selector.xpath('body/div[@class="c"]//text()').extract())  # 获取标签里的所有text()
        nick_name = re.findall('昵称;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        gender = re.findall('性别;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        place = re.findall('地区;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        briefIntroduction = re.findall('简介;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        birthday = re.findall('生日;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        sex_orientation = re.findall('性取向;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        sentiment = re.findall('感情状况;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        vip_level = re.findall('会员等级;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        authentication = re.findall('认证;?[：:]?(.*?);', text1)
        labels = re.findall('标签;?[：:]?(.*?)更多>>', text1)
        if nick_name and nick_name[0]:
            information_item["nick_name"] = nick_name[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if gender and gender[0]:
            information_item["gender"] = gender[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if place and place[0]:
            place = place[0].replace(u"\xa0", "").split(" ")
            information_item["province"] = place[0]
            if len(place) > 1:
                information_item["city"] = place[1]
        if briefIntroduction and briefIntroduction[0]:
            information_item["brief_introduction"] = briefIntroduction[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if birthday and birthday[0]:
            information_item['birthday'] = birthday[0]
        if sex_orientation and sex_orientation[0]:
            if sex_orientation[0].replace(u"\xa0", "") == gender[0]:
                information_item["sex_orientation"] = "同性恋"
            else:
                information_item["sex_orientation"] = "异性恋"
        if sentiment and sentiment[0]:
            information_item["sentiment"] = sentiment[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if vip_level and vip_level[0]:
            information_item["vip_level"] = vip_level[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if authentication and authentication[0]:
            information_item["authentication"] = authentication[0].replace(u"\xa0", "")
        if labels and labels[0]:
            information_item["labels"] = labels[0].replace(u"\xa0", ",").replace(';', '').strip(',')
        request_meta = response.meta
        request_meta['item'] = information_item
        yield Request(self.base_url + '/u/{}'.format(information_item['_id']),
                      callback=self.parse_further_information,
                      meta=request_meta, dont_filter=True, priority=1)

    def parse_further_information(self, response):
        text = response.text
        information_item = response.meta['item']
        tweets_num = re.findall('微博\[(\d+)\]', text)
        if tweets_num:
            information_item['tweets_num'] = int(tweets_num[0])
        follows_num = re.findall('关注\[(\d+)\]', text)
        if follows_num:
            information_item['follows_num'] = int(follows_num[0])
        fans_num = re.findall('粉丝\[(\d+)\]', text)
        if fans_num:
            information_item['fans_num'] = int(fans_num[0])
        request_meta = response.meta
        request_meta['item'] = information_item
        yield information_item


if __name__ == "__main__":
    process = CrawlerProcess(get_project_settings())
    process.crawl('weibo_userinfo')
    process.start()

除此之外，另外用一个程序专门指定爬取的范围

import os
import json
import pymongo


class SpiderControl:
    def __init__(self, init_uid):
        self.init_uid = init_uid
        self.set_uid([self.init_uid])
        self.dbclient = pymongo.MongoClient(host='localhost', port=27017)
        self.db = self.dbclient['Sina']
        self.info_collection = self.db['Information']
        self.relation_collection = self.db['Relationships']
        self.label_collection = self.db['Label']

    def set_uid(self, uid_list):
        uid_data = {'start_uids': uid_list}
        with open('start_uids.json','w') as f:
            json.dump(uid_data, f)

def add_filter(list1,list2):
    return list(set(list1+list2))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    init_id = '6505979820'
    sc = SpiderControl(init_id)

    try:
        sc.label_collection.insert({'_id':init_id,'label':'center'})
    except:
        print('已有该数据')

    # 这里第一次运行weibo_spider，第一次爬取粉丝和关注

    info_filter = [init_id]  # 标记已经爬过的id
    relation_filter = [init_id]  # 标记已经爬过的id

    condition_fan0 = {'followed_id':init_id} # 主人公的粉丝
    condition_follow0 = {'fan_id':init_id} # 主人公的关注

    fan0_id = [r['fan_id'] for r in sc.relation_collection.find(condition_fan0)]
    follow0_id = [r['followed_id'] for r in sc.relation_collection.find(condition_follow0)]

    # 打标签
    for id in follow0_id:
        try:
            sc.label_collection.insert_one({'_id':id,'label':'follow0'})  # 没有就添加
        except:
            sc.label_collection.update_one({'_id':id},{'$set':{'label':'follow0'}})  # 有就更新
    for id in fan0_id:
        try:
            sc.label_collection.insert_one({'_id':id,'label':'fan0'})
        except:
            sc.label_collection.update_one({'_id':id},{'$set':{'label':'fan0'}})


    fans_follows0 = list(set(fan0_id) | set(follow0_id)) # 取关注和粉丝的并集

    # 运行爬虫weibo_userinfo获得粉丝和关注用户的信息

    info_filter = add_filter(info_filter, fans_follows0)

    condition_famous = {'fans_num':{'$gt':500}}  # 选取粉丝小于500的账号
    famous_id0 = [r['_id'] for r in sc.info_collection.find(condition_famous)]

    relation_filter = add_filter(relation_filter, famous_id0)

    uid_set = list(set(fans_follows0) - set(relation_filter))
    print('id数量{}'.format(len(uid_set)))

    sc.set_uid(uid_set)

    # 运行爬虫weibo_spider获得这些人的粉丝关注网络

    condition_fan1 = {'followed_id': {'$in':fans_follows0}}  # 一级好友的粉丝
    condition_follow1 = {'fan_id': {'$in':fans_follows0}}  # 一级好友的关注

    fan1_id = [r['fan_id'] for r in sc.relation_collection.find(condition_fan1)]
    follow1_id = [r['followed_id'] for r in sc.relation_collection.find(condition_follow1)]

    fan1_id = list(set(fan1_id)-set(fans_follows0))  # 去除0级好友
    follow1_id = list(set(follow1_id) - set(fans_follows0))  # 去除0级好友

    # 打标签
    for id in follow1_id:
        try:
            sc.label_collection.insert_one({'_id': id, 'label': 'follow1'})  # 没有就添加
        except:
            sc.label_collection.update_one({'_id': id}, {'$set': {'label': 'follow1'}})  # 有就更新
    for id in fan1_id:
        try:
            sc.label_collection.insert_one({'_id': id, 'label': 'fan1'})
        except:
            sc.label_collection.update_one({'_id': id}, {'$set': {'label': 'fan1'}})

    fans_follows1 = list(set(fan1_id) & set(follow1_id)) # 取关注和粉丝的交集

    uid_set = list(set(fans_follows1) - set(info_filter))
    print('id数量{}'.format(len(uid_set)))

    sc.set_uid(uid_set)

    # 运行spider_userinfo

    info_filter = add_filter(info_filter, fans_follows1)

运行情况

第一次爬取，筛选掉大V后（粉丝大于500）有60个账号。在这60个里面再运行一次，爬取人物关系，这60个号总共有3800左右的粉丝和4300左右的关注数，取并集大概6400个账号，先从这些账号里面分析一波

可视化使用pyecharts

先出一张图

在这里插入图片描述
？？！！woc这密密麻麻的什么玩意，浏览器都要卡成狗了

赶紧缩小一波数据，在关注和粉丝里面取交集，把数据量缩小到800

在这里插入图片描述
这回就舒服多了，其中，不同颜色代表了不同的类别（我分的）。

不同的颜色分别对应了：

  • 我（红色）
  • 我的关注
  • 我的粉丝
  • 我的好友（我的关注+我的粉丝）的粉丝和关注
  • 大V

通过找到和我好友连接比较多的账号，就可以找到隐藏好友了

举个例子

在这里插入图片描述

这个选中的是qqd，很显然和我的好友有大量的关联，与这些泡泡相连的大概率就是我的同学，比如这位：

在这里插入图片描述
果然这样就发现了好多我的同学哈哈哈。

代码写的贼乱，反正能跑了（狗头保命），我放到GitHub上了：https://github.com/buaalzm/WeiboSpider/tree/relation_spider

buaalzm
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