设计模式之观察者模式

观察者模式（observer pattern）
一、定义
所谓观察者模式，就是在一个subject对象中封装一个或者多个observer对象。如果subject对象的状态发送改变，同时通知observer对象做出相应的动作
二、理论举例
只是一个个人根据定义实现的例子
1）subject

public class Subject {
    protected List<Observer> observers=new ArrayList<>();

    private int state;
	//从来关联观察者的方法
    public void attach(Observer observer){
        observers.add(observer);
    }
	//解除关联
    public void detach(Observer observer){
        observers.remove(observer);
    }
	//通知所有观察者 subject的状态发生了改变
    public void notifyAllObserver(){
        for(Observer observer:observers){
            observer.update(this);
        }
    }

    public int getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(int state) {
        this.state = state;
        this.notifyAllObserver();
    }
}

2）observer
抽象接口

public abstract class Observer {
	//状态改变时，观察者做出的操作
    public abstract void update(Subject subject);
}

具体实现
Observer01

public class Observer01 extends Observer{
    private int observerState;

    @Override
    public void update(Subject subject) {
        System.out.println(Observer01.class.getName()+" state："+observerState+">>"+subject.getState());
        this.observerState=subject.getState();
    }
}

Observer02

public class Observer02 extends Observer{
    private int observerState;

    @Override
    public void update(Subject subject) {
        System.out.println(Observer02.class.getName()+" state："+observerState+">>"+subject.getState());
        this.observerState=subject.getState();
    }
}

3）测试
测试的类

public class ObserverPatternMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Subject subject=new Subject();
        Observer01 observer01=new Observer01();
        Observer02 observer02=new Observer02();
        subject.attach(observer01);
        subject.attach(observer02);

        subject.setState(2);
    }
}

测试结果

cn.faceless.ObserverPattern.theory.Observer01 state：0>>2
cn.faceless.ObserverPattern.theory.Observer02 state：0>>2

三、现实举例：观察执行线程的状态
1）subject
RunnableSubject封装RunnableObserver，在线程执行过程中，如果线程状态发生改变，就会把改变的信息封装为RunnableEvent发给RunnableObserver的update方法

public class RunnableSubject implements Runnable{
    private RunnableObserver runnableObserver;
	
	//new subject的时候传入观察者
    public RunnableSubject(RunnableObserver runnableObserver){
        this.runnableObserver=runnableObserver;
        notifyRunnableObserver(new RunnableEvent(RunnableEvent.RunnableState.NEW,Thread.currentThread(),null));
    }
	//状态改变时调用这个方法来通知观察者做出相应响应
    public void notifyRunnableObserver(RunnableEvent runnableEvent){
        runnableObserver.update(runnableEvent);
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        notifyRunnableObserver(new RunnableEvent(RunnableEvent.RunnableState.RUNNING,Thread.currentThread(),null));
        try{
            System.out.println("正在运行....");
            //人为的异常
            int i=1/0;
        }catch (Exception e){
            notifyRunnableObserver(new RunnableEvent(RunnableEvent.RunnableState.ERROR,Thread.currentThread(),e));
        }
        notifyRunnableObserver(new RunnableEvent(RunnableEvent.RunnableState.DEAD,Thread.currentThread(),null));
    }
}

2）observer
RunnObserver是观察者

public class RunnableObserver {

    public void update(RunnableEvent runnableEvent){
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        System.out.println("state："+runnableEvent.getRunnableState());
        System.out.println("thread："+runnableEvent.getRunnableThread().getName());
        if(runnableEvent.getRunableThrowable()!=null)
            System.out.println("throwable："+runnableEvent.getRunableThrowable().getMessage());

    }
}

3）测试
测试类

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RunnableObserver runnableObserver=new RunnableObserver();
        RunnableSubject runnableSubject=new RunnableSubject(runnableObserver);
        Thread t=new Thread(runnableSubject,"T");
        t.start();
    }
}

测试结果

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
state：NEW
thread：main
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
state：RUNNING
thread：T
正在运行....
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
state：ERROR
thread：T
throwable：/ by zero
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
state：DEAD
thread：T

四、总结
1）观察者模式还算一种应用比较广泛的编程思想，在现实中有很多例子，比如老师的电话改变了通知所有学生。再比如监听器的实现等待都有应用到观察者模式的思想
2）观察者模式很容易实现，只要知道那个是subject，哪个是observer，就可以很容易的实现