Spring记录之SpringMVC

Spring记录之SpringMVC

Spring的Web框架是围绕分发器(DispatcherServlet)设计的，DispatcherServlet用来将请求分发到不同的处理器，框架还包括了控制器映射(HandlerMapping),视图解析(ViewResolver)，本地化，主题解析，支持文件上传

运行机制

- （1）客户端向Spring发送HTTP请求
- （2）前端控制器DispatcherServlet拦截请求，并扫描控制器，适配合适的Controller来处理请求
- （3）DispatcherServlet根据HandlerMapping选择并决定将请求发送到哪个Controller。
- （4）被选定的Controller处理请求，并以ModelAndView（属性值和返回页面）的形式返回给DispatcherServlet
- （5）返回给DispatcherServlet的未必都是JSP，可能是逻辑视图。DispatcherServlet查询ViewResolver对象，解析视图。
- （6）找到对应的视图，将视图返回给客户端，否则报错。

SpringMVC特点

自由灵活
适合做REST风格的URL

配置SpringMVC

• (1)在web.xml配置前端控制器DispatcherServlet

<!-- Processes application requests -->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        <async-supported>true</async-supported>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

• （2）配置SpringMVC.xml配置文件

 <!-- Handles HTTP GET requests for /resources/** by efficiently serving up static resources in the ${webappRoot}/resources/ directory -->
    <resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />

    <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

• 需要文件上传时配置

  <!-- Only needed because we require fileupload in the org.springframework.samples.mvc.fileupload package 名字都不能改-->
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver" />

• 注解方式开发配置

<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.spring_mvc.annotation"/>

• 拦截器配置

<mvc:interceptors>
            <mvc:interceptor>
                <!-- 某一模块的拦截：/myPath/**, 拦截所有的请求/** -->
                <mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
                <bean class="com.spring.spring_mvc.interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean>
            </mvc:interceptor>
        </mvc:interceptors>

• Controller编写

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/news")//namespace,不同模块
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/say")
    public String say() {
        System.out.println();
        return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/person1")
    public String person(Map<String,Object> map){
        Person person1 = new Person("Hello",66);
        map.put("p",person1);
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/person2")
    public String person(ModelMap model){
        Person person1 = new Person("Hello",66);
        model.addAttribute("p", person1);
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/entity/status")
    public ResponseEntity<String> responseEntityStatusCode() {
        return new ResponseEntity<String>("The String ResponseBody with custom status code (403 Forbidden)",
                HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN);
    }
}