Yocto添加drive recipe

 

前提条件已经了解Yocto编译

一.Yocto部署驱动到开发板

1.初始化构建环境，会自动跳转到构建目录

DISTRO=openstlinux-weston MACHINE=<Machine name> source layers/meta-custom-leyers/scripts/envsetup.sh

2.创建内核模块例子

PC $> mkdir kernel_module_example
PC $> cd kernel_module_example

3.为内核模块编写驱动源码例子：kernel_module_example.c

  1 // SPDX-identifier: GPL-2.0                                                 
  2 /*
  3  * Copyright (C) STMicroelectronics SA 2018
  4  *
  5  * Authors: Jean-Christophe Trotin <jean-christophe.trotin@st.com>
  6  *
  7  */
  8
  9 #include <linux/module.h>    /* for all kernel modules */
 10 #include <linux/kernel.h>    /* for KERN_INFO */
 11 #include <linux/init.h>      /* for __init and __exit macros */
 12 
 13 static int __init kernel_module_example_init(void)
 14 {
 15     printk(KERN_INFO "Kernel module example: hello world from STMicroelectro
 16     return 0;
 17 }
 18 
 19 static void __exit kernel_module_example_exit(void)
 20 {
 21     printk(KERN_INFO "Kernel module example: goodbye from   STMicroelectroni
 22 }
 23 
 24 module_init(kernel_module_example_init);
 25 module_exit(kernel_module_example_exit);
 26 
 27 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("STMicroelectronics simple external out-of-tree Linux ker
 28 MODULE_AUTHOR("Jean-Christophe Trotin <jean-christophe.trotin@st.com>");
 29 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2"); 

4.为内核模块编写Makefile

# Makefile for simple external out-of-tree Linux kernel module example

# Object file(s) to be built
obj-m := kernel_module_example.o

# Path to the directory that contains the Linux kernel source code
# and the configuration file (.config)
#KERNEL_DIR ?= <Linux kernel path>

# Path to the directory that contains the source file(s) to compile
PWD := $(shell pwd) 
  
default:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) modules

clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNEL_DIR) M=$(PWD) clean

5.这里要写内核源码目录，在Yocto根本不知道在哪里，可以用以下命令进行查找，在<build dir>:

PC $ bitbake -s | grep linux
. .........
...........
linux-<MACHINE NAME>                          :4.19+AUTOINC+76f632af0a-r0   
......  

6.输入如下命令,就会找到对应得内核路径，然后代替Makefile得<linux kernel path>:

bitbake -e linux-<MACHINE NAME> | grep ^S=

7.添加新得recipe到workspace

PC $> cd <build dir>
PC $> devtool add mymodule kernel_module_example/

8.将recipe应用于内核模块构建

PC $> devtool edit-recipe mymodule

然后修改ricipe如下：

  1 # Recipe created by recipetool                                                                            
  2 # This is the basis of a recipe and may need further editing in order to be fully functional.
  3 # (Feel free to remove these comments when editing.)
  4 
  5 # Unable to find any files that looked like license statements. Check the accompanying
  6 # documentation and source headers and set LICENSE and LIC_FILES_CHKSUM accordingly.
  7 #
  8 # NOTE: LICENSE is being set to "CLOSED" to allow you to at least start building - if
  9 # this is not accurate with respect to the licensing of the software being built (it
 10 # will not be in most cases) you must specify the correct value before using this
 11 # recipe for anything other than initial testing/development!

 12 LICENSE = "CLOSED"
 13 LIC_FILES_CHKSUM = ""                                                                                     
 14 
 15 # No information for SRC_URI yet (only an external source tree was specified)
 16 SRC_URI = ""
 17 
 18 
 19 # NOTE: this is a Makefile-only piece of software, so we cannot generate much of the
 20 # recipe automatically - you will need to examine the Makefile yourself and ensure
 21 # that the appropriate arguments are passed in.
 22 DEPENDS = "virtual/kernel" 
 23 inherit module
 24 
 25 EXTRA_OEMAKE  = "ARCH=arm" 
 26 EXTRA_OEMAKE += "KERNEL_DIR=${STAGING_KERNEL_BUILDDIR}"
 29 S = "${WORKDIR}"
 30 
 31 do_configure () {
 32     # Specify any needed configure commands here
 33     :
 34 }
 35 
 36 do_compile () {
 37     # You will almost certainly need to add additional arguments here
 38     oe_runmake
 39 }
 40 
 41 do_install () {
 42     # NOTE: unable to determine what to put here - there is a Makefile but no
 43     # target named "install", so you will need to define this yourself
 44     install -d ${D}/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VERSION}</font>
 45 
 46     install -m 0755 ${B}/kernel_module_example.ko ${D}/lib/modules/${KERNEL_VERSION}/</font>
 47 
 48 }
 49       

9.进入构建目录，并生成内核模块例子：

PC $> cd <build dir>
PC $> devtool build mymodule

注意：这一步可能会出现驱动编译错误 /bin/sh: scripts/mod/modpost，提示信息：

/bin/sh: scripts/mod/modpost: No such file or directory

出现这样的错误，说明scripts下没有生成相应的文件，两种解决办法：a.cd到kernel所在目录，执行： make scripts 

b.先用Yocto把镜像编译好，因为就像我们平时写驱动的时候，linux内核要写编译完才能编译驱动

10.把内核模块部署到板子上

PC $> devtool deploy-target -Ss mymodule root@<board ip address>

11.更新可加载内核模块的依赖项描述，并将磁盘上的数据与内存同步

Board $> /sbin/depmod -a
Board $> sync

12.将内核模块示例插入Linux内核

Board $> modprobe kernel_module_example
[18167.821725] Kernel module example: hello world from STMicroelectronics

二.整合驱动到Yocto用户层（用于测试）

1.在客户层新建recipe

PC $> mkdir ../layers/meta-my-custo-layer/recipes-custom/mymodule
PC $> cp workspace/recipes/mymodule/mymodule.bb ../layers/meta-my-custo-layer/recipes-custom/mymodule

2.拷贝源码和Makefile到用户层

PC $> mkdir ../layers/meta-my-custo-layer/recipes-custom/mymodule/mymodule
PC $> cp kernel_module_example/Makefile ../layers/meta-my-custom-layer/recipes-custom/mymodule/mymodule
PC $> cp kernel_module_example/kernel_module_example.c ../layers/meta-my-custom-layer/recipes-custom/mymodule/mymodule
PC $> devtool reset mymodule

3.还必须完成新菜谱的一些字段，至少包括LICENSE、LIC_FILES_CHKSUM和SRC_URI，配方更新现在必须直接在..lsyers/meta-my-custo-layer/recipes-custom/mymodule/mymodule.bb中完成

对于Linux 内核模块：

1 LICENSE = "GPLv2"
2 LIC_FILES_CHKSUM =     "file://${COREBASE}/meta/COPYING.GPLv2;md5=751419260aa954499f7abaabaa882bbe"
4 SRC_URI = "file://Makefile \
5            file://kernel_module_example.c \
6         "

对于Linux应用程序：

1 LICENSE = "MIT"
2 LIC_FILES_CHKSUM =  "file://${COREBASE}/meta/COPYING.MIT;md5=3da9cfbcb788c80a0384361b4de20420"
3 SRC_URI = "file://hello_world_example.c \
4         "
         

4.检查新配方更新没有破坏编译，用bitbake命令编译它:

PC $> bitbake mymodule

5.快速添加recipe到镜像中（image），进入到镜像recipe中

PC $> cd ../leyers/meta-st-openstlinux/recipes-st/images/

6.打开 st-image-weston.bb 并添加这一行 : CORE_IMAGE_EXTRA_INSTALL += " mymodule "，然后编译：

PC $> bitbake st-image-weston

7.在烧写镜像和启动该板之后，将内核模块示例插入/移除

Board $> modprobe kernel_module_example
[18167.821725] Kernel module example: hello world from STMicroelectronics

Board $> rmmod kernel_module_example
[18180.086722] Kernel module example: goodbye from STMicroelectronics

三.构造定制系统

1.一旦这个快速检查完成，请在st-image-weston删除插件：

• 定制客户需求系统
• 必须在编译的自定义镜像中添加这个新配方(mymodule.bb)

PC $> cd ..layers/meta-my-custom-layer/recipes-samples/images/

2.打开 my-custom-image.bb 并添加这一行 : IMAGE_INSTALL += "mymodule"

PC $> bitbake <my custome image>