LVM 管理（一）

最新推荐文章于 2022-08-22 15:07:13 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-08-22 15:07:13 发布

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分类专栏： Linux

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34072662/article/details/113845689

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因为鄙人是最后接触的linux，初识LVM概念觉得与windows平台的存储池，vmware平台的存储整合有相似概念。

Synopsis: 将机器识别到的底层磁盘设备创建为一整个存储空间（卷组），再进行划分逻辑卷、扩容、压缩等操作。

功能/命令	物理卷管理	卷组管理	逻辑卷管理
扫描	pvscan	vgscan	lvscan
创建	pvcreate	vgcreate	lvcreate
显示	pvdisplay	vgdisplay	lvdisplay
删除	pvremove	vgremove	lvremove
扩展		vgextend	lvextend
缩小		vgreduce	lvreduce

这里演示由2块物理磁盘：开启LVM，创建卷组、划分逻辑卷、扩容、压缩等操作。

两块物理磁盘 /dev/sde ，/dev/sdf

默认的磁盘没有开启LVM，首先开启，

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sde /dev/sdf
  Physical volume "/dev/sde" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully created.

创建卷组：

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate storage1 /dev/sde /dev/sdf 
  Volume group "storage1" successfully created

划分逻辑卷：

因为卷组创建后，最小的计算单位为4MB，所以创建的逻辑卷为4的倍数。

语法： lvcreate -n [逻辑卷名] -L [human readable 格式M、G] [卷组名]

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n lvDisk0 -L 150M storage1
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 152.00 MiB
  Logical volume "lvDisk0" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/storage1/lvDisk0
  LV Name                lvDisk0
  VG Name                storage1
  LV UUID                wecLpy-A0B5-cwrJ-8xiQ-q4vc-fs9m-uCLgNQ
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2021-02-18 14:08:31 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                152.00 MiB
  Current LE             38
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:2

创建好的逻辑卷会在 /dev 目录下创建一个符号链接(软链接)，同时会以卷组名生成一个文件夹，逻辑卷完整路径为 /dev/卷组名/逻辑卷名

下面进行格式化，并挂载

[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/storage1/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 7 Feb 18 14:08 lvDisk0 -> ../dm-2 
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
38912 inodes, 155648 blocks
7782 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=33816576
19 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /tmp/lv0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 /tmp/lv0/

查看挂载状态，写入配置/etc/fstab

/dev/storage1/lvDisk0 /tmp/lv0 ext4 defaults 0 0

扩展、压缩逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                         1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root        17G  3.1G   14G  18% /
/dev/sdb2                     3.9G   16M  3.6G   1% /tmp/app
/dev/sdb1                     2.0G  3.1M  1.9G   1% /tmp/backup
/dev/sda1                    1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot
tmpfs                         378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/storage1-lvDisk0  144M  1.6M  132M   2% /tmp/lv0
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/mapper/storage1-lvDisk0   #变更容量需要先卸载挂载点
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                    1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   17G  3.1G   14G  18% /
/dev/sdb2                3.9G   16M  3.6G   1% /tmp/app
/dev/sdb1                2.0G  3.1M  1.9G   1% /tmp/backup
/dev/sda1               1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot
tmpfs                    378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# lvextend /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 -L 300M
  Size of logical volume storage1/lvDisk0 changed from 152.00 MiB (38 extents) to 300.00 MiB (75 extents).
  Logical volume storage1/lvDisk0 successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/storage1/lvDisk0    #硬盘自检
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/storage1/lvDisk0: 11/38912 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 10567/155648 blocks
[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/storage1/lvDisk0   # resize刷新一下硬盘容量
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 to 307200 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 is now 307200 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 /tmp/
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                         1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root        17G  3.1G   14G  18% /
/dev/sdb2                     3.9G   16M  3.6G   1% /tmp/app
/dev/sdb1                     2.0G  3.1M  1.9G   1% /tmp/backup
/dev/sda1                    1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot
tmpfs                         378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/storage1-lvDisk0  287M  2.1M  266M   1% /tmp/lv0

压缩=卸载+e2fsck -f /dev/xxx+resize2fs /dev/xxx [size例如130M]+lvreduce -L [size 130M] /dev/xxx+挂载

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/mapper/storage1-lvDisk0 

[root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/storage1/lvDisk0: 11/77824 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 15987/307200 blocks

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 96M
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 to 98304 (1k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 is now 98304 blocks long.

[root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L 96M /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 
  WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 96.00 MiB.
  THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)

Do you really want to reduce storage1/lvDisk0? [y/n]: y
  Size of logical volume storage1/lvDisk0 changed from 300.00 MiB (75 extents) to 96.00 MiB (24 extents).
  Logical volume storage1/lvDisk0 successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/storage1/lvDisk0 
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem                    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                      1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                         1.9G   12M  1.9G   1% /run
tmpfs                         1.9G     0  1.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root        17G  3.1G   14G  18% /
/dev/sdb2                     3.9G   16M  3.6G   1% /tmp/app
/dev/sdb1                     2.0G  3.1M  1.9G   1% /tmp/backup
/dev/sda1                    1014M  195M  820M  20% /boot
tmpfs                         378M     0  378M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/storage1-lvDisk0   89M  1.6M   81M   2% /tmp/lv0

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LVM 管理（一）

因为鄙人是最后接触的linux，初始LVM概念觉得与windows平台的存储池，vmware平台的存储整合有相似概念。Synopsis: 将机器识别到的底层磁盘设备创建为一整个存储空间（卷组），再进行划分逻辑卷、扩容、压缩等操作。功能/命令物理卷管理卷组管理逻辑卷管理扫描 pvscan vgscan lvscan 创建 pvcreate vgcreate lvcreate 显示 pvdispl..
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