Reference:alias

Rule:

1.References must be initialized when defined. Initialization establishes a binding.

eg: type& refname = name; //thus the value of refname is the same as name.

2.Bindings don’t change at run time, unlike pointers.

3.The target of a reference must have a location! 

 eg:void func(int &); //automatically binding when call the function.

func(i*3); //warning or error!

 Restrictions:

1.No references to refercences

2.No pointers to references

int & * p; //illegal

  But reference to pointer is ok

int* & p;

3.No arrays of reference

Notice: constant value can be modified through reference.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int& *p;
    int x=3;
    int &y=x;
    const int&z=x;
    cout<<"z:"<<z<<endl;
    y=4;
    cout<<"after y=4,z:"<<z<<endl;
    x=5;
    cout<<"after x=5,z:"<<z<<endl;
//error here:z cannot be assigned,but it still can be modified by y or x.
//  z=5;
    return 0;
}