nonlocal和global的区别

x = 0
def outer():
    x = 1
    def inner():
        x = 2
        print("inner:", x)

    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

结果是：

inner: 2
outer: 1
global: 0

global

适用于函数内部修改全局变量的值

x = 0
def outer():
    x = 1
    def inner():
        global x
        x = 2
        print("inner:", x)

    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

结果是：

inner: 2
outer: 1
global: 2

nonlocal

适用于嵌套函数中内部函数修改外部变量的值

x = 0
def outer():
    x = 1
    def inner():
        nonlocal x
        x = 2
        print("inner:", x)

    inner()
    print("outer:", x)

outer()
print("global:", x)

结果是：

inner: 2
outer: 2
global: 0

如果没有使用以上关键字，对全局变量或者外部变量进行修改，python会默认将全局变量隐藏起来