c++模板编程之反射相关-判断类型是否有什么

已知 c++是不支持类似 java 的反射的，那么如果我们想知道一个类是否有某些成员，我们该怎么办呢，下面引入 c++模板编程技巧来，提供一个相对可行的办法

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

template<typename F, typename ...Args>
struct isInvokeAble {
 public:
    template<typename U, typename = decltype(declval<U>()(declval<Args>()...))>
    static true_type test(void *);

    template<typename U>
    static false_type test(...);

 public:
    constexpr static auto value = decltype(test<F>(nullptr))::value;
};


class funcValidPolicy {
 public:
    template<typename F, typename ... Args>
    static false_type Valid(...);

    template<typename F, typename ... Args, typename = decltype(declval<F>()(declval<Args>()...))>
    static true_type Valid(void *);
};

template<typename T>
struct TypeT {
    using type = T;
};

template<typename T>
constexpr auto type = TypeT<T>{};

template<typename T>
T ValueT(TypeT<T>);

auto is_valid = [](auto f) {
    return [](auto ...args) {
        return decltype(funcValidPolicy::template Valid<decltype(f), decltype(args)...>(nullptr)){};
        //return isInvokeAble<decltype(f), decltype(args)...>::value;
    };
};

// 判断类是否有 first()函数
auto has_first_func = is_valid(
        [](auto t) -> decltype(ValueT(t).first()) {}
);

struct First_Func {
    void first() {
        cout << "XX::first" << endl;
    }
};


// 判读类是否有 first变量
auto has_first_member_value = is_valid(
        [](auto t) -> decltype(ValueT(t).first) {}
);

struct First_Mem {
    int first;
};


// 判断类是否可构造
auto isConstructible = is_valid(
        [](auto t)-> decltype(decltype(ValueT(t))()){}
        );

struct CanConstruct {};

struct CanNotConstruct {
 private:
    CanNotConstruct() = default;
};

int main() {
    cout << has_first_func(type<First_Func>) << endl;
    cout << has_first_member_value(type<First_Mem>) << endl;

    cout << isConstructible(type<CanConstruct>) << endl;
    cout << isConstructible(type<CanNotConstruct>) << endl;
}

输出