微服务：3 docker 自定义镜像实战

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已于 2022-04-15 18:17:01 修改

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分类专栏：微服务文章标签： docker 数据库 linux centos 微服务

于 2021-02-26 15:04:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_34220643/article/details/114132521

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Docker自定义镜像实战

1. docker镜像制作的方法

基于Docker Commit制作
基于dockerfile制作，该方式为主流的制作镜像方式

2. Commit方式构建自定义镜像

对容器修改及保存

启动并进入容器 docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
再home下创建xd : mkdir xd

安装ifconfig命令: yum -y install net-tools
重启容器，看xd文件夹还在否：

docker restart 2675c91a2007
xd文件夹仍在
删除容器，再启动一个容器看有无xd文件夹

docker stop 2675c91a2007
docker rm 2675c91a2007
docker run -it centos:7 /bin/bash
xd文件夹不存在

构建镜像

原容器创建xd文件夹

[root@slave1 ~]# docker exec -it 08f6849f45ff /bin/bash
[root@08f6849f45ff /]# cd /home/
[root@08f6849f45ff home]# ls
[root@08f6849f45ff home]# mkdir xd
[root@08f6849f45ff home]# ls
xd

docker commit 08f6849f45ff mycento:7
docker commit -a “XD” -m “mkdir /home/xd” 08f6849f45ff mycento:7
-a : 标注作者
-m : 注释
查看详细说明 docker inspect 08f6849f45ff
查看镜像： docker images

[root@slave1 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mycento      7         db204e9de691   2 minutes ago   204MB
<none>       <none>    04ab49404f3c   6 minutes ago   204MB
<none>       <none>    62a20aa04ec0   8 minutes ago   204MB
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   3 months ago    204MB

删除原容器: docker rmi 08f6849f45ff

[root@slave1 ~]# docker stop 08f6849f45ff
08f6849f45ff
[root@slave1 ~]# docker rm 08f6849f45ff
08f6849f45ff

启动镜像对应的容器

[root@slave1 ~]# docker run -itd mycento:7 /bin/bash
73de9091f862b113057f8c9bddc4686246a9adbbd12232cae4ad7078112ce4f1
[root@slave1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE       COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
73de9091f862   mycento:7   "/bin/bash"   6 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             happy_wing

进入容器

[root@slave1 ~]# docker exec -it 73de9091f862 /bin/bash
[root@73de9091f862 /]# cd /home
[root@73de9091f862 home]# ls
xd

xd文件存在于镜像

3. Dockerfile构建镜像实战

构建一个dockerfile的文本

下面内容为dockerfile文本的内容

FROM centos:7 
MAINTAINER XD ss@qq.com 
RUN echo "正在构建镜像！！！" 
WORKDIR /opt/xd/
COPY ee.txt /home/xd 

[root@slave1 xd]# touch dockerfile
[root@slave1 xd]# ls
44.txt  456.txt  dockerfile  ee.txt
[root@slave1 xd]# ls
44.txt  456.txt  dockerfile  ee.txt
[root@slave1 xd]# vi dockerfile
[root@slave1 xd]# pwd
/opt/xd

dockerfile和ee.txt都在/opt/xd目录

构建镜像: docker build -t mycento:v2 .(.表示路径)

[root@slave1 xd]# docker build -t mycentos:v3 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon   5.12kB
Step 1/5 : FROM centos:7
 ---> 8652b9f0cb4c
Step 2/5 : MAINTAINER XD ss@qq.com
 ---> Running in 8531aa86fb10
Removing intermediate container 8531aa86fb10
 ---> 54489a9b0f44
Step 3/5 : RUN echo "正在构建镜像！！！"
 ---> Running in f864bec988d3
正在构建镜像！！！
Removing intermediate container f864bec988d3
 ---> 249a3773ad55
Step 4/5 : WORKDIR /opt/xd/
 ---> Running in 3bb75052b600
Removing intermediate container 3bb75052b600
 ---> 23204322d99c
Step 5/5 : COPY ee.txt /opt/xd
 ---> 73fd30777a3d
Successfully built 73fd30777a3d
Successfully tagged mycentos:v3

查看镜像：

[root@slave1 xd]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED              SIZE
mycentos     v3        73fd30777a3d   About a minute ago   204MB
mycento      7         db204e9de691   22 hours ago         204MB
centos       7         8652b9f0cb4c   3 months ago         204MB

验证

[root@slave1 xd]# docker run -it mycentos:v3 /bin/bash
[root@e81b4d2d0099 xd]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9 Feb  9 01:09 ee.txt

4. 镜像分层结构

查看分层

[root@slave1 xd]# docker history mycentos:v3
IMAGE          CREATED        CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
73fd30777a3d   2 hours ago    /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:b0e33e0533c5cf9e…   9B
23204322d99c   2 hours ago    /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /opt/xd/              0B
249a3773ad55   2 hours ago    /bin/sh -c echo "正在构建镜像！！！"                     0B
54489a9b0f44   2 hours ago    /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER XD ss@qq.com      0B
8652b9f0cb4c   3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B
<missing>      3 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4…   204MB

启动镜像的时候，一个新的可写层会加载到镜像的顶部。这一层通常称为“容器层”，之下是“镜像层”。

上述imageid均是镜像层id
容器层可以读写，容器所有发生文件变更写都发生在这一层。镜像层read-only,只允许读取

总结

共享资源
对容器的任何改动都是发生在容器层
容器层是可写可读，镜像层只读

5. 常用的dockerfile指令

from 基于哪个镜像
MAINTAINER 作者
COPY 复制文件进入镜像（只能用相对路径，不能用绝对路径）
ADD 复制文件进入镜像（压缩包会解压）
WORKDIR 指定复制文件的工作目录，不存在会创建路径
ENV 设置环境变量
EXPOSE 暴露容器端口
RUN 构建镜像的时候执行其后的命令，作用于镜像层面
ENTRYPOINT 在容器启动的时候执行，作用于容器层，dockerfile里有多条时只执行最后一条
CMD
- 在容器启动时执行，作用于容器层，dockerfile里有多条时只执行最后一条
- 容器启动后执行默认的命令或参数，允许被修改
- 命令格式：
  - shell命令格式：RUN yum install -y net-tools
  - exec命令格式：RUN [“yum”,“install”,"-y",“net-tools”

6. 构建JAVA网站镜像

宿主机jdk配置

export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_251
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

编写dockerfile

FROM centos:7
WORKDIR /opt/
ADD jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt
ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_251
ENV PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
ENV CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.52.tar /opt
RUN mv /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.52 /opt/tomcat8
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

-- 创建镜像
[root@slave1 opt]# docker build -t mycentos:v4 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.183GB
Step 1/9 : FROM centos:7
 ---> 8652b9f0cb4c
Step 2/9 : ADD jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz /opt
 ---> ea59e2b563f0
Step 3/9 : ENV JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.8.0_251
 ---> Running in a4b4d2f20045
Removing intermediate container a4b4d2f20045
 ---> d4cd62a72bd6
Step 4/9 : ENV PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
 ---> Running in 802aa9ba03b6
Removing intermediate container 802aa9ba03b6
 ---> d206ac9a3cdf
Step 5/9 : ENV CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
 ---> Running in 91e0226a6e5a
Removing intermediate container 91e0226a6e5a
 ---> 8158340bc0f5
Step 6/9 : ADD apache-tomcat-8.0.52.tar /opt
 ---> 5c2f78855b3e
Step 7/9 : RUN mv /opt/apache-tomcat-8.0.52 /opt/tomcat8
 ---> Running in 3f58fb59e373
Removing intermediate container 3f58fb59e373
 ---> dbb92f38bb8f
Step 8/9 : EXPOSE 8080
 ---> Running in 94fbb09d64a0
Removing intermediate container 94fbb09d64a0
 ---> e84623d5659d
Step 9/9 : ENTRYPOINT ["/opt/tomcat8/bin/catalina.sh","run"]
 ---> Running in 746cb5bb32f5
Removing intermediate container 746cb5bb32f5
 ---> a499a7e02efd
Successfully built a499a7e02efd
Successfully tagged mycentos:v4

宿主机创建目录，宿主机文件夹挂载到容器里

[root@slave1 opt]# mkdir dockerweb
[root@slave1 opt]# docker run -itd -p 80:8080 -v /dockerweb:/opt/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT mycentos:v4 /bin/bash
erweb
[root@slave1 dockerweb]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                  NAMES
b5aa0edc1c11   mycentos:v4   "/opt/tomcat8/bin/ca…"   2 minutes ago   Up 2 minutes   0.0.0.0:80->8080/tcp   priceless_nightingale
e81b4d2d0099   mycentos:v3   "/bin/bash"              6 hours ago     Up 6 hours                            romantic_heyrovsky
[root@slave1 dockerweb]#

进入镜像，在镜像tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/下创建文件index.html

[root@slave1 dockerweb]# docker exec -it 34409c58771f /bin/bash
[root@34409c58771f /]# cd /opt/tomcat8/webapps/ROOT/
[root@34409c58771f ROOT]# ls
index.html

宿主机网页验证
http://192.168.250.130:8181/index.html

7. dockerfile构建redis镜像

编写redis安装的shell脚本 /opt/redis_install.sh

#! /bin/bash
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl openssl-devel
cd /opt/xd/redis-4.0.9
make && make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install
mkdir -p /usr/local/redis/conf/
cp /opt/xd/redis-4.0.9/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/
sed -i '69s/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/' /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf 
sed -i '88s/protected-mode yes/protected-mode no/' /usr/local/redis/conf/

编写dockerfile

FROM centos:7
ADD redis-4.0.9.tar.gz /opt/xd
COPY redis_install.sh /opt/xd
RUN sh /opt/xd/redis_install.sh
ENTRYPOINT /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/conf/redis.conf

测试redis
- 构建 docker build -t mycentos:redis .
- 启动容器 docker run -itd -p 6380:6379 mycentos:redis
- 进入容器 docker exec -it xxxxx /bin/bash
- 宿主机连接redis: /usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -p 6380

8. 快速部署mysql数据库并初始化

下载mysql5.7镜像
- docker pull mysql:5.7

进入hub.docker.com官网

启动mysql实例的代码
$ docker run --name some-mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:tag
- some-mysql is the name you want to assign to your container
- my-secret-pw is the password to be set for the MySQL root user
- tag is the tag specifying the MySQL version you want

进入容器命令

[root@slave1 ~]# docker run --name some-mysql -p 3356:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.7
c6d139793ef1bf6d3d4f22c31dfa4840084e7745bb833890bf4b076831bdf8a6
[root@slave1 ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
c6d139793ef1   mysql:5.7     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   18 seconds ago   Up 16 seconds   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3356->3306/tcp   some-mysql
34409c58771f   mycentos:v4   "/opt/tomcat8/bin/ca…"   44 hours ago     Up 44 hours     0.0.0.0:8181->8080/tcp              bold_solomon
[root@slave1 ~]# docker exec -it c6d139793ef1 env LANG=C.UTF-8/bin/bash
root@c6d139793ef1:/# mysql -uroot -proot
root@c6d139793ef1:/# ls -lrt
total 4
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov 22 12:37 home
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Nov 22 12:37 boot
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   41 Jan 11 00:00 var
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   19 Jan 11 00:00 usr
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Jan 11 00:00 srv
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root 4096 Jan 11 00:00 sbin
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Jan 11 00:00 opt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Jan 11 00:00 mnt
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Jan 11 00:00 media
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root   34 Jan 11 00:00 lib64
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   45 Jan 12 10:10 lib
drwxr-xr-x.   2 root root    6 Jan 12 10:11 docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   19 Jan 18 23:26 bin
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   20 Jan 18 23:26 run
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root   34 Jan 18 23:26 entrypoint.sh -> usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint.sh
dr-xr-xr-x.  13 root root    0 Feb 24 01:38 sys
drwxr-xr-x.   1 root root   66 Feb 26 06:10 etc
dr-xr-xr-x. 130 root root    0 Feb 26 06:10 proc
drwxr-xr-x.   5 root root  340 Feb 26 06:10 dev
drwxrwxrwt.   1 root root    6 Feb 26 06:10 tmp
drwx------.   1 root root   28 Feb 26 06:15 root

docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 用来初始化数据库
新建dockerfile初始化实践

dockerfile

FROM mysql:5.7 
WORKDIR /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d 
ENV LANG=C.UTF-8 
ADD init.sql .

init.sql 自行随便编写

a. 构建镜像

[root@slave1 xd]# docker build -t mysql:5.7 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  6.656kB
Step 1/4 : FROM mysql:5.7
 ---> a70d36bc331a
Step 2/4 : WORKDIR /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
 ---> Running in eb21b512e98e
Removing intermediate container eb21b512e98e
 ---> faa10f1e4e62
Step 3/4 : ENV LANG=C.UTF-8
 ---> Running in 2b5563d18aef
Removing intermediate container 2b5563d18aef
 ---> 53fdd47fa9ba
Step 4/4 : ADD init.sql .
 ---> 24c58894bb32
Successfully built 24c58894bb32
Successfully tagged mysql:5.7
[root@slave1 xd]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
mysql        5.7       24c58894bb32   6 seconds ago   449MB

b.运行并进入容器

[root@slave1 xd]# docker run --name some-mysql -p 3356:3306 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root -d mysql:5.7
fba20c2a1349867f16e51a913e3881ab172f05454ed8d1de796eac44822df48e
[root@slave1 xd]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                               NAMES
fba20c2a1349   mysql:5.7     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   6 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3356->3306/tcp   some-mysql
34409c58771f   mycentos:v4   "/opt/tomcat8/bin/ca…"   45 hours ago    Up 45 hours    0.0.0.0:8181->8080/tcp              bold_solomon
[root@slave1 xd]# docker exec -it fba20c2a1349 /bin/bash
root@fba20c2a1349:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d# mysql -uroot -proot

c.验证容器是否将数据库初始化到库

mysql> use db_student;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> select * from user;
+-------+--------+------+--------+-----+
| id    | name   | age  | class  | sex |
+-------+--------+------+--------+-----+
| 00001 | 小明   |   15 | 初三   | 男  |
| 00002 | 小红   |   13 | 初二   | 女  |
| 00003 | 小东   |   14 | 初一   | 男  |
+-------+--------+------+--------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9. 制作nginx镜像

nginx_install.sh 脚本编写

[root@slave1 xd]# cat nginx_install.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel
cd /usr/local/nginx-1.16.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install

dockerfile编写

[root@slave1 xd]# cat dockerfile
FROM centos:7
ADD nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz /usr/local
COPY nginx_install.sh /usr/local
RUN sh /usr/local/nginx_install.sh
EXPOSE 80

制作镜像

docker build -t mycentos:nginx

注意事项
- 在容器里nginx是以daemon方式启动，退出时，nginx 程序也会随之停止
- 使用前台方式永久运行:/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g “daemon off;”
检查验证

docker run -itd -p 80:80 mycentos:nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g “daemon off;”

10. 分布式文件存储mino容器化部署

Docker容器化部署 https://docs.min.io/

下载镜像

docker pull minio/minio
创建和启动容器

docker run -p 11000:9000 \
--name minio_xd \
-v /opt/xd/mino:/data \
-e "MINIO_ROOT_USER=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE" \
-e "MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY" \ minio/minio server /data

运行成功

容器存在：

运行成功：

在这里插入图片描述

11.快速部署nacos

1.docker构建

docker拉取镜像

docker pull nacos/nacos-server

查看镜像

docker images

启动Nacos

docker run --env MODE=standalone --name xdclass-nacos -d -p 8848:8848  nacos/nacos-server

//查看日志
docker logs -f

访问Nacos（记得开放阿里云的网络安全组）

http://公网ip:8848/nacos

# 登录密码默认nacos/nacos

2.Nacos注册中心配置mysql持久化

nacos数据库脚本

导入数据库脚本（本章本集资料里面）
新增一个用户 nacos/nacos

INSERT INTO `users` (`username`, `password`, `enabled`)
VALUES
  ('nacos', '$2a$10$EuWPZHzz32dJN7jexM34MOeYirDdFAZm2kuWj7VEOJhhZkDrxfvUu', 1);

mysql最好使用5.7版本（业界用的比较多，稳定）
启动命令

docker run -d \
-e MODE=standalone \
-e SPRING_DATASOURCE_PLATFORM=mysql \
-e MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST=192.168.250.130 \
-e MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT=3356 \
-e MYSQL_SERVICE_USER=root \
-e MYSQL_SERVICE_PASSWORD=root \
-e MYSQL_SERVICE_DB_NAME=cloud_nacos \
-p 8848:8848 \
--restart=always \
--name nacos \
nacos/nacos-server

访问（大家改成自己的ip）
- http://192.168.250.130:8848/nacos

12. 安装RabbitMq

#拉取镜像
docker pull rabbitmq:3.8.12-management-alpine

## 进入容器
docker run -d --hostname rabbit_host1 --name xd_rabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=password -p 15672:15672 -p 5672:5672 rabbitmq:3.8.12-management-alpine

#介绍
-d 以守护进程方式在后台运行
-p 15672:15672 management 界面管理访问端口
-p 5672:5672 amqp 访问端口
--name：指定容器名
--hostname：设定容器的主机名，它会被写到容器内的 /etc/hostname 和 /etc/hosts，作为容器主机IP的别名，并且将显示在容器的bash中

注意

Linux服务器检查防火墙是否关闭
云服务器检查网络安全组是否开放端口

CentOS 7 以上默认使用的是firewall作为防火墙
查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --state

停止firewall
systemctl stop firewalld.service

禁止firewall开机启动
systemctl disable firewalld.service