协同过滤原理和python实现——基于movielens 100k数据集

文章内容和代码来自这篇博客：one-一个

一、基于用户的协同过滤

 

• Pu,i 用户u和电影i
• Rv,i 用户v对电影i的评分
• Su,v 用户u和用户v的相似度

可以看出，基于用户的协同过滤的思想：求出用户之间的相似度，具体到每部电影i的时候，遍历所有用户，相似度乘以用户对该电影的打分累加求和，并以用户相似度之和作为分母，得到用户u对电影i的喜好程度。

二、基于物品的协同过滤

 

• Pu,i 用户u和电影i
• Si,N 电影i和电影N的相似度
• Ru,N 用户u对电影N的评分

 可以看出，基于物品的协同过滤的思想：求出电影之间的相似度，具体到每部电影i的时候，遍历所有电影，电影间相似度乘以用户对当前所遍历电影的打分累加求和，并以电影相似度之和作为分母，得到用户u对电影i的喜好程度。

三、代码实现

说明：代码中的算法逻辑并非严格按照上述公式。数据集下载地址：two-一个

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author  :蕾姆233
# @Software: PyCharm
# 使用MovieLens数据集，它是在实现和测试推荐引擎时所使用的最常见的数据集之一。它包含来自于943个用户
# 以及精选的1682部电影的100K个电影打分。
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np

# pass in column names for each CSV as the column name is not given in the file and read them using pandas.
# You can check the column names from the readme file

#Reading users file:
u_cols = ['user_id', 'age', 'sex', 'occupation', 'zip_code']
users = pd.read_csv('ml-100k/u.user', sep='|', names=u_cols,encoding='latin-1')

#Reading ratings file:
r_cols = ['user_id', 'movie_id', 'rating', 'unix_timestamp']
ratings = pd.read_csv('ml-100k/u.data', sep='\t', names=r_cols,encoding='latin-1')

#Reading items file:
i_cols = ['movie id', 'movie title' ,'release date','video release date', 'IMDb URL', 'unknown', 'Action', 'Adventure',
'Animation', 'Children\'s', 'Comedy', 'Crime', 'Documentary', 'Drama', 'Fantasy',
'Film-Noir', 'Horror', 'Musical', 'Mystery', 'Romance', 'Sci-Fi', 'Thriller', 'War', 'Western']
items = pd.read_csv('ml-100k/u.item', sep='|', names=i_cols,encoding='latin-1')
r_cols = ['user_id', 'movie_id', 'rating', 'unix_timestamp']
ratings_train = pd.read_csv('ml-100k/ua.base', sep='\t', names=r_cols, encoding='latin-1')
ratings_test = pd.read_csv('ml-100k/ua.test', sep='\t', names=r_cols, encoding='latin-1')
print(ratings_train.shape, ratings_test.shape)

# user-user sim
n_users = ratings.user_id.unique().shape[0]
n_items = ratings.movie_id.unique().shape[0]
data_matrix = np.zeros((n_users, n_items))
for line in ratings.itertuples():
    data_matrix[line[1]-1, line[2]-1] = line[3]

from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import pairwise_distances
user_similarity = pairwise_distances(data_matrix, metric='cosine')
item_similarity = pairwise_distances(data_matrix.T, metric='cosine')

# This gives us the item-item and user-user similarity in an array form. The next step is to make predictions based on these similarities.
#  Let’s define a function to do just that.
def predict(ratings, similarity, type='user'):
    # ratings 用户电影矩阵，值为评分。
    if type == 'user':
        # 按行计算的均值 横向执行对应的方法
        mean_user_rating = ratings.mean(axis=1)  # 943个用户对电影打分的均值。
        print(mean_user_rating)
        print(mean_user_rating.shape)
        #We use np.newaxis so that mean_user_rating has same format as ratings
        ratings_diff = (ratings - mean_user_rating[:, np.newaxis])  # 减去均值
        #print(ratings_diff)
        print(mean_user_rating[:,np.newaxis])
        print(mean_user_rating[:,np.newaxis].shape)
        pred = mean_user_rating[:, np.newaxis] + similarity.dot(ratings_diff) / np.array([np.abs(similarity).sum(axis=1)]).T
    elif type == 'item':
        # similarity 电影和电影的相似度矩阵。
        pred = ratings.dot(similarity) / np.array([np.abs(similarity).sum(axis=1)])
    return pred

user_prediction = predict(data_matrix, user_similarity, type='user')
item_prediction = predict(data_matrix, item_similarity, type='item')
print(user_prediction.shape)