import random
#下面列出选择字符的范围:大小写字母、数字、符号
lettersList = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q','r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']
numbersList = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
symbolsList = ['!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+']
#将三个list打乱,以便后面随机抽出字符
random.shuffle(lettersList)
random.shuffle(numbersList)
random.shuffle(symbolsList)
#用户分别选择包含字母、数字、符号的个数
numLetters = int(input('how many letters do you want\n'))
numNumbers = int(input('how many numbers do you want\n'))
numSynbols = int(input('how many sybols do you want\n'))
#根据用户的输入,分别从字母list、数字list、符号list中随机选取指定个数的元素
lettersChosen = lettersList[:numLetters]
numbersChosen = numbersList[:numNumbers]
symbolsChosen = symbolsList[:numSynbols]
finalStrList = []#用于存储所有字符的最终list
finalStr = "" #用于显示最后密码的空字符串
finalStrList.extend(lettersChosen) #首先在最终list中加入指定个数的随机字母
for number in numbersChosen: #在最终list的随机位置加入指定个数的随机数字
finalStrList.insert(random.randint(0, len(finalStrList)),number)
for symbol in symbolsChosen: #在最终list的随机位置加入指定个数的随机符号
finalStrList.insert(random.randint(0, len(finalStrList)), symbol)
for chars in finalStrList: #拼出最终的字符串
finalStr += chars
print(f"这是一个{len(finalStr)}位的字符串,{finalStr}")
后续可在用户输入时限制输入的数字,防止超出list的长度
如果想生成可以包含相同字符的字符串,先删除上面的shuffle(),再把第15-17行可替换为random.choice()
#初始化三个空的list
lettersChosen = []
numbersChosen = []
symbolsChosen = []
for i in range(numLetters):#在letterList中随机选择数字加入lettersChosen
lettersChosen.append(random.choice(lettersList))
for i in range(numNumbers):
numbersChosen.append(random.choice(numbersList))
for i in range(numSynbols):
symbolsChosen.append(random.choice(symbolsList))
23-26行的insert欠考虑,可先将所有的list进行extend,再把最终list进行shuffle即可,避免了多次遍历和生成随机数
最终
import random
#下面列出选择字符的范围:大小写字母、数字、符号
lettersList = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q','r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z']
numbersList = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
symbolsList = ['!', '#', '$', '%', '&', '(', ')', '*', '+']
#用户分别选择包含字母、数字、符号的个数
numLetters = int(input('how many letters do you want\n'))
numNumbers = int(input('how many numbers do you want\n'))
numSynbols = int(input('how many sybols do you want\n'))
#初始化三个空的list
lettersChosen = []
numbersChosen = []
symbolsChosen = []
for i in range(numLetters):#在letterList中随机选择数字加入lettersChosen
lettersChosen.append(random.choice(lettersList))
for i in range(numNumbers):
numbersChosen.append(random.choice(numbersList))
for i in range(numSynbols):
symbolsChosen.append(random.choice(symbolsList))
finalStrList = []#用于存储所有字符的最终list
finalStr = "" #用于显示最后密码的空字符串
finalStrList.extend(lettersChosen)
finalStrList.extend(numbersChosen)
finalStrList.extend(symbolsChosen)
random.shuffle(finalStrList)
for chars in finalStrList: #拼出最终的字符串
finalStr += chars
print(f"这是一个{len(finalStr)}位的字符串,{finalStr}")