知识点12:区间

• 闭区间运算符：a...b, a <= 去值 <= b。

let names = ["ZhangSan","LiSi","WangWu","ZhaoLiu"]

for i in 0...3 {
  print(names[i])//ZhangSan、LiSi、WangWu、ZhaoLiu
}

let range = 1...3

for i in range {
  print(names[i])//LiSi、WangWu、ZhaoLiu
}

let arrayFirst = 0
let arrayLast = 3

for i in arrayFirst...arrayLast {
  print(names[i])//ZhangSan、LiSi、WangWu、ZhaoLiu
}

for var i in 1...3 {
    i += 5
    print(i)//6、7、8
}

for _ in 1...3 {
    print("Hello !")//Hello !、Hello !、Hello !
}

• 半开区间运算符：a..<b, a <= 去值 < b。

for i in 1..<5 {
    print(i)//1 2 3 4
}

• 单侧区间：让区间朝一个方向尽可能的远。

let names = ["ZhangSan","LiSi","WangWu","ZhaoLiu"]

for name in names[2...]{
    print(name)//WangWu ZhaoLiu
}

for name in names[...2]{
    print(name)//ZhangSan LiSi WangWu
}

for name in names[..<2]{
    print(name)//ZhangSan LiSi
}

• 区间类型 

//闭区间、半开区间、单侧区间
let rangeA:ClosedRange<Int> = 1...5

let rangeB:Range<Int> = 1..<5

let rangeC:PartialRangeThrough<Int> = ...5

//contains方法:范围内是否包含某个值。
let range = ...5
range.contains(7)//false
range.contains(4)//true
range.contains(-3)//true

//字符、字符串也能使用区间运算符。

let stringRange = "cc"..."ff"
stringRange.contains("cf")//true
stringRange.contains("df")//true
stringRange.contains("fg")//false

//ASCII字符
let chaacterRange:ClosedRange<Character> = "\0"..."~"

•  带间隔的区间值

for item in stride(from: 4, through: 10, by: 2) {
    print(item)//4 6 8 10
}