交叉熵损失用于mnist分类、Dropout用于两层神经网络用于mnist分类、Adam、不断减小的学习率用于mnist分类

softmax+交叉熵损失用于mnist分类

# coding: utf-8
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
#载入数据集
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("./MNIST_data",one_hot=True)
#每个批次的大小
batch_size = 100
#计算一共有多少个批次
n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size
#定义两个placeholder
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10])
#创建一个简单的神经网络
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([784,10]))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10]))
prediction = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(x,W)+b)
#二次代价函数
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y,logits=prediction))
#使用梯度下降法
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.2).minimize(loss)
#初始化变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
#结果存放在一个布尔型列表中
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1),tf.argmax(prediction,1))#argmax返回一维张量中最大的值所在的位置
#求准确率
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32))
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for epoch in range(21):
        for batch in range(n_batch):
            batch_xs,batch_ys =  mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:batch_xs,y:batch_ys})
        acc = sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels})
        print("Iter " + str(epoch) + ",Testing Accuracy " + str(acc))

输入层784，中间层2000，中间层1000，输出层10，softmax+交叉熵+Dropout

准确率99%以上

# coding: utf-8
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
#载入数据集
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("./MNIST_data",one_hot=True)
#每个批次的大小
batch_size = 100
#计算一共有多少个批次
n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size
#定义两个placeholder
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10])
keep_prob=tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
#创建一个简单的神经网络
W1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([784,2000],stddev=0.1))#从截断的正态分布中输出随机值
b1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([2000])+0.1)
L1 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(x,W1)+b1)
L1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L1,keep_prob)
W2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([2000,2000],stddev=0.1))
b2 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([2000])+0.1)
L2 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(L1_drop,W2)+b2)
L2_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L2,keep_prob)
W3 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([2000,1000],stddev=0.1))
b3 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([1000])+0.1)
L3 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(L2_drop,W3)+b3)
L3_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L3,keep_prob)
W4 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([1000,10],stddev=0.1))
b4 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10])+0.1)
prediction = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(L3_drop,W4)+b4)
#二次代价函数
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y,logits=prediction))
#使用梯度下降法
train_step = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(0.2).minimize(loss)
#初始化变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
#结果存放在一个布尔型列表中
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1),tf.argmax(prediction,1))#argmax返回一维张量中最大的值所在的位置
#求准确率
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32))
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for epoch in range(31):
        for batch in range(n_batch):
            batch_xs,batch_ys =  mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:batch_xs,y:batch_ys,keep_prob:0.7})
        test_acc = sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels,keep_prob:1.0})
        train_acc = sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict={x:mnist.train.images,y:mnist.train.labels,keep_prob:1.0})
        print("Iter " + str(epoch) + ",Testing Accuracy " + str(test_acc) +",Training Accuracy " + str(train_acc))

Adam优化器+学习率随迭代次数不断减小

# coding: utf-8
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
#载入数据集
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("./MNIST_data",one_hot=True)
#每个批次的大小
batch_size = 100
#计算一共有多少个批次
n_batch = mnist.train.num_examples // batch_size
#定义两个placeholder
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,784])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32,[None,10])
keep_prob=tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
lr = tf.Variable(0.001, dtype=tf.float32)
#创建一个简单的神经网络
W1 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([784,500],stddev=0.1))
b1 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([500])+0.1)
L1 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(x,W1)+b1)
L1_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L1,keep_prob)
W2 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([500,300],stddev=0.1))
b2 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([300])+0.1)
L2 = tf.nn.tanh(tf.matmul(L1_drop,W2)+b2)
L2_drop = tf.nn.dropout(L2,keep_prob)
W3 = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([300,10],stddev=0.1))
b3 = tf.Variable(tf.zeros([10])+0.1)
prediction = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(L2_drop,W3)+b3)
#交叉熵代价函数
loss = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(labels=y,logits=prediction))
#训练
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(lr).minimize(loss)
#初始化变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
#结果存放在一个布尔型列表中
correct_prediction = tf.equal(tf.argmax(y,1),tf.argmax(prediction,1))#argmax返回一维张量中最大的值所在的位置
#求准确率
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_prediction,tf.float32))
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    for epoch in range(51):
        sess.run(tf.assign(lr, 0.001 * (0.95 ** epoch)))
        for batch in range(n_batch):
            batch_xs,batch_ys =  mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
            sess.run(train_step,feed_dict={x:batch_xs,y:batch_ys,keep_prob:1.0})
        learning_rate = sess.run(lr)
        acc = sess.run(accuracy,feed_dict={x:mnist.test.images,y:mnist.test.labels,keep_prob:1.0})
        print ("Iter " + str(epoch) + ", Testing Accuracy= " + str(acc) + ", Learning Rate= " + str(learning_rate))