一、HttpClient简介
- 官网:http://hc.apache.org/
- 使用场景
- 爬虫
- 多系统之间接口交互
二、使用HttpClient获取网页内容
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>
@Test
public void test {
// 打开浏览器
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 输入url地址
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://www.baidu.com/");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
// 敲回车,发送请求,获取响应
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 获取内容
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (response != null){
response.close();
}
if (httpGet != null){
httpGet.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient!= null){
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
可以看到请求的结果为百度源代码,可以放到EditPlus中进行预览
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=https://ss1.bdstatic.com/5eN1bjq8AAUYm2zgoY3K/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>百度一下,你就知道</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus=autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=百度一下 class="bg s_btn" autofocus></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>新闻</a> <a href=https://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>地图</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>视频</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>贴吧</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>登录</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">登录</a>');
</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">更多产品</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>关于百度</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使用百度前必读</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>意见反馈</a> 京ICP证030173号 <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
三、发送get请求
客户端
@Test
void sendGet(){
CloseableHttpClient client = null;
HttpGet httpGet = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
client = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
// 构建参数列表【BasicNameValuePair】
List<BasicNameValuePair> pairs = new ArrayList<>();
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("page","1"));
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("limit","5"));
// 设置参数的编码
UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs,"utf-8");
// 将参数转成page=1&limit=5格式
String params = EntityUtils.toString(urlEncodedFormEntity, "utf-8");
System.out.println(params);
httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/queryUserList?"+params);
// 发送请求
response = client.execute(httpGet);
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpGet != null){
httpGet.releaseConnection();
}
if (client != null){
client.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端
@GetMapping("queryUserList")
public PageBean queryUserList(UserVO vo){
return userService.queryUserList(vo);
}
四、发送Post请求
客户端
@Test
void sendPost(){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/user/addUser");
// 构建参数列表【BasicNameValuePair】
List<BasicNameValuePair> pairs = new ArrayList<>();
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name","张三"));
pairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair("sex","1"));
// 设置参数编码
UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairs,"utf-8");
// 发送请求之前给httpPost设置参数
httpPost.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpPost != null){
httpPost.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient != null){
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
服务端
@PostMapping("addUser")
public ResultObj addUser(User user){
try {
String salt = IdUtil.simpleUUID().toUpperCase();
user.setSalt(salt);
user.setPwd(new Md5Hash(Constant.USER_PASSWORD,salt,2).toString());
userService.addUser(user);
return ResultObj.ADD_SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ResultObj.ADD_ERROR;
}
}
五、封装get请求
public static String sendGet(String url, Map<String,String> params){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpGet httpGet = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String result = "";
try {
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
// 设置参数
if (null != params && params.size() > 0){
List<BasicNameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<>();
params.forEach((x,y) -> pairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(x,y)));
UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList,"utf-8");
// 将参数转成page=1&limit=5格式
String param = EntityUtils.toString(urlEncodedFormEntity, "utf-8");
httpGet = new HttpGet(url+"?"+param);
}
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
close(response,httpGet,httpClient);
}
return result;
}
客户端
@Test
void sendGetUtil(){
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("page","1");
map.put("limit","5");
String result = HttpClientUtil.sendGet("http://localhost:8080/user/queryUserList", map);
System.out.println(result);
}
六、封装传递键值对格式的post请求
public static String sendPost(String url, Map<String,String> params){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String result = "";
try {
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置参数
if (null != params && params.size() > 0){
List<BasicNameValuePair> pairList = new ArrayList<>();
params.forEach((x,y) -> pairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(x,y)));
UrlEncodedFormEntity urlEncodedFormEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(pairList,"utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(urlEncodedFormEntity);
}
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
close(response,httpPost,httpClient);
}
return result;
}
客户端
@Test
void sendPostUtil(){
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name","张三");
map.put("sex","1");
String result = HttpClientUtil.sendPost("http://localhost:8080/user/addUser", map);
System.out.println(result);
}
七、封装传递Json格式的post请求
public static String sendPostJson(String url, Map<String,String> params){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
HttpPost httpPost = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String result = "";
try {
httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置参数
if (null != params && params.size() > 0){
String paramJson = JSONObject.toJSONString(params);
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(paramJson,"utf-8");
stringEntity.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
}
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
close(response,httpPost,httpClient);
}
return result;
}
服务端
@PostMapping("addUser")
public ResultObj addUser(@RequestBody User user){
try {
String salt = IdUtil.simpleUUID().toUpperCase();
user.setSalt(salt);
user.setPwd(new Md5Hash(Constant.USER_PASSWORD,salt,2).toString());
userService.addUser(user);
return ResultObj.ADD_SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ResultObj.ADD_ERROR;
}
}
对于关流的封装
public static void close(CloseableHttpResponse response,HttpRequestBase httpRequestBase,CloseableHttpClient httpClient){
try {
if (response != null) {
response.close();
}
if (httpRequestBase!= null){
httpRequestBase.releaseConnection();
}
if (httpClient != null){
httpClient.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}