C# 监听USB设备插拔动态（防多触发）

一：通过winform窗体WndProc
局限于窗体程序中，不推荐使用

//事件代码
private const int WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x219; //设备改变
private const int DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL = 0x8000; //检测到新设备
private const int DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE = 0x8004; //移除设备

protected override void WndProc(ref Message m)
{
        base.WndProc(ref m);//调用父类方法，以确保其他功能正常
        switch (m.Msg)
        {
                case WM_DEVICECHANGE://设备改变事件
                        switch ((int) m.WParam)
                        {
                                case DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL:
                                        DebugWriteLine("新设备", DEBUG_I);
                                        int devType = Marshal.ReadInt32(m.LParam, 4);
                                        DebugWriteLine("设备类型:" + devType, DEBUG_I);
                                        break;

                                case DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE:
                                        DebugWriteLine("设备移除", DEBUG_I);
                                        break;
                        }
                        //刷新串口设备
                        RefreshUsableSp();
                        break;
        }
}

二：基于WMI监视USB插拔
定义设备监听类：

namespace NFC_Help
{
    /// <summary>
    /// USB控制设备类型
    /// </summary>
    public struct USBControllerDevice
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// USB控制器设备ID
        /// </summary>
        public String Antecedent;

        /// <summary>
        /// USB即插即用设备ID
        /// </summary>
        public String Dependent;
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 监视USB插拔
    /// </summary>
    public partial class USB
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// USB插入事件监视
        /// </summary>
        private ManagementEventWatcher insertWatcher = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// USB拔出事件监视
        /// </summary>
        private ManagementEventWatcher removeWatcher = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 添加USB事件监视器
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="usbInsertHandler">USB插入事件处理器</param>
        /// <param name="usbRemoveHandler">USB拔出事件处理器</param>
        /// <param name="withinInterval">发送通知允许的滞后时间</param>
        public Boolean AddUSBEventWatcher(EventArrivedEventHandler usbInsertHandler, EventArrivedEventHandler usbRemoveHandler, TimeSpan withinInterval)
        {
            try
            {
                ManagementScope Scope = new ManagementScope("root\\CIMV2");
                Scope.Options.EnablePrivileges = true;

                // USB插入监视
                if (usbInsertHandler != null)
                {
                    WqlEventQuery InsertQuery = new WqlEventQuery("__InstanceCreationEvent",
                        withinInterval,
                        "TargetInstance isa 'Win32_USBControllerDevice'");

                    insertWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(Scope, InsertQuery);
                    insertWatcher.EventArrived += usbInsertHandler;
                    insertWatcher.Start();
                }

                // USB拔出监视
                if (usbRemoveHandler != null)
                {
                    WqlEventQuery RemoveQuery = new WqlEventQuery("__InstanceDeletionEvent",
                        withinInterval,
                        "TargetInstance isa 'Win32_USBControllerDevice'");

                    removeWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(Scope, RemoveQuery);
                    removeWatcher.EventArrived += usbRemoveHandler;
                    removeWatcher.Start();
                }

                return true;
            }

            catch (Exception)
            {
                RemoveUSBEventWatcher();
                return false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 移去USB事件监视器
        /// </summary>
        public void RemoveUSBEventWatcher()
        {
            if (insertWatcher != null)
            {
                insertWatcher.Stop();
                insertWatcher = null;
            }

            if (removeWatcher != null)
            {
                removeWatcher.Stop();
                removeWatcher = null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 定位发生插拔的USB设备
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="e">USB插拔事件参数</param>
        /// <returns>发生插拔现象的USB控制设备ID</returns>
        public static USBControllerDevice[] WhoUSBControllerDevice(EventArrivedEventArgs e)
        {
            ManagementBaseObject mbo = e.NewEvent["TargetInstance"] as ManagementBaseObject;
            if (mbo != null && mbo.ClassPath.ClassName == "Win32_USBControllerDevice")
            {
                String Antecedent = (mbo["Antecedent"] as String).Replace("\"", String.Empty).Split(new Char[] { '=' })[1];
                String Dependent = (mbo["Dependent"] as String).Replace("\"", String.Empty).Split(new Char[] { '=' })[1];
                return new USBControllerDevice[1] { new USBControllerDevice { Antecedent = Antecedent, Dependent = Dependent } };
            }

            return null;
        }
    }
}

添加设备监听方法：
先停止监听事件等业务逻辑处理完再开启监听事件，是为了防止多次触发通知。

	public USB USBWatcher= new USB();
	USBWatcher.AddUSBEventWatcher(USBEventHandler, USBEventHandler, new TimeSpan(0, 0, 1));

    private void USBEventHandler(Object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
    {
        //暂未实现
        var watcher = sender as ManagementEventWatcher;
        watcher.Stop();
        //刷新设备信息
        RefreshDevice();
        if (e.NewEvent.ClassPath.ClassName == "__InstanceCreationEvent")
        {
            m_notificationWindowApp.AddNotification((string)this.TryFindResource("USBDeviceTips"), (string)this.TryFindResource("NewUSBDevice"));
        }
        else if (e.NewEvent.ClassPath.ClassName == "__InstanceDeletionEvent")
        {
            m_notificationWindowApp.AddNotification((string)this.TryFindResource("USBDeviceTips"), (string)this.TryFindResource("USBDeviceDisconnected"));
        }
        Default_USBConnctionObj();
        Toolbar_AvailableCheck();
        // 业务代码，逻辑耗时尽量不要太长，以免影响事件的监听
        watcher.Start();
    }