k8s 集群之使用 kubeadm 在 Centos8 上部署 kubernetes 1.20

centos8 和 kubernetes 1.20 都是当前最新的版本，下面演示的是在 centos8 系统上部署 k8s 集群环境。

1 系统准备

准备四台 centos8 服务器，主机名与静态IP地址如下表所示（参考下边 master 节点服务器的配置）：

角色	主机名	ip地址
master	master	192.168.1.25
node	node1	192.168.1.26
node	node2	192.168.1.27
nfs	node3	192.168.1.28

下面以 master 服务器为例，进行相应的配置（node 节点也需要做同样的配置）：

查看系统版本

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 8.3.2011

关闭防火墙

[root@master ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@master ~]# systemctl disable firewalld

配置网络

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 
TYPE="Ethernet"
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="f47b7ac6-e1e3-4ec5-a1b4-855dff9fa3cb"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.1.25
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1
DNS1=223.5.5.5

添加阿里源

[root@master ~]# rm -rfv /etc/yum.repos.d/*
[root@master ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo

配置主机名

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

192.168.1.25 master.sanchar.com master
192.168.1.26 node1.sanchar.com  node1
192.168.1.27 node2.sanchar.com  node2
192.168.1.28 node3.sanchar.com  node3

关闭selinux

[root@master ~]# sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@master ~]# setenforce 0

关闭swap，注释swap分区

[root@master ~]# swapoff -a
[root@master ~]# cat /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Dec 25 03:30:01 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root     /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=75c36a78-fe92-49b4-a2ff-3a3a7c1aff76 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
# /dev/mapper/cl-swap     swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

2 安装常用包 和 docker-ce

常用包安装

[root@master ~]# yum install vim bash-completion net-tools gcc -y

docker-ce 安装
这里可以参考我的另外一篇博客 Centos 7 安装 docker & docker-compose

添加 aliyun docker 仓库加速器

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p /etc/docker
[root@master ~]# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://l3go4y6y.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart docker

3 安装kubectl、kubelet、kubeadm

添加阿里kubernetes源

[root@master ~]# cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

安装

[root@master ~]# yum -y install kubectl kubelet kubeadm
[root@master ~]# systemctl enable kubelet

4 初始化 k8s 集群

由于kubeadm 默认从官网k8s.grc.io下载所需镜像，国内无法访问，因此需要通过–image-repository指定阿里云镜像仓库地址。

[root@master ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=1.20.1  \
> --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.1.25   \
> --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers  \
> --service-cidr=10.10.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.122.0.0/16

POD的网段为: 10.122.0.0/16， api server地址就是master本机IP。

集群初始化成功后返回如下信息：

[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.20.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING FileExisting-tc]: tc not found in system path
        [WARNING SystemVerification]: this Docker version is not on the list of validated versions: 20.10.1. Latest validated version: 19.03
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local master] and IPs [10.10.0.1 192.168.1.25]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master] and IPs [192.168.1.25 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost master] and IPs [192.168.1.25 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 98.007042 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config-1.20" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Skipping phase. Please see --upload-certs
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the labels "node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''" and "node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane='' (deprecated)"
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node master as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: mwxojd.djyh86ktwwwyv0qp
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.1.25:6443 --token mwxojd.djyh86ktwwwyv0qp \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:c90285666b8eae41a0a5dfaaa0f60fac279ffffa8378ba91e4dddf730b6c5367

记录生成的最后部分内容，此内容是在其它节点加入Kubernetes集群时执行。

根据提示创建kubectl

[root@master ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@master ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@master ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

执行下面命令，使kubectl可以自动补充

[root@master ~]# source <(kubectl completion bash) && echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >> ~/.bashrc

查看节点，pod

[root@master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS     ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
master   NotReady   control-plane,master   11m   v1.20.1
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-7f89b7bc75-6jzcr         0/1     Pending   0          11m
kube-system   coredns-7f89b7bc75-fzq95         0/1     Pending   0          11m
kube-system   etcd-master                      1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master            1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master   1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-system   kube-proxy-t8jlr                 1/1     Running   0          11m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master            1/1     Running   0          11m

5 安装calico网络

[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml
configmap/calico-config created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgpconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/bgppeers.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/blockaffinities.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/clusterinformations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/felixconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/globalnetworksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/hostendpoints.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamblocks.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamconfigs.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ipamhandles.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/ippools.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/kubecontrollersconfigurations.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networkpolicies.crd.projectcalico.org created
customresourcedefinition.apiextensions.k8s.io/networksets.crd.projectcalico.org created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-kube-controllers created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/calico-node created
daemonset.apps/calico-node created
serviceaccount/calico-node created
deployment.apps/calico-kube-controllers created
serviceaccount/calico-kube-controllers created
poddisruptionbudget.policy/calico-kube-controllers created

查看pod和node

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                       READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   calico-kube-controllers-744cfdf676-87n8d   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          45s
kube-system   calico-node-kfnf5                          0/1     PodInitializing     0          46s
kube-system   coredns-7f89b7bc75-6jzcr                   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          13m
kube-system   coredns-7f89b7bc75-fzq95                   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          13m
kube-system   etcd-master                                1/1     Running             0          13m
kube-system   kube-apiserver-master                      1/1     Running             0          13m
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-master             1/1     Running             0          13m
kube-system   kube-proxy-t8jlr                           1/1     Running             0          13m
kube-system   kube-scheduler-master                      1/1     Running             0          13m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get node
NAME     STATUS   ROLES                  AGE   VERSION
master   Ready    control-plane,master   13m   v1.20.1

6 安装kubernetes-dashboard

官方部署dashboard的服务没使用nodeport，将yaml文件下载到本地，在service里添加nodeport，修改后的 recommended.yaml 文件如下

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30000
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.1.0
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/kubernetes-dashboard created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created
secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created
configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created
deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created
service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created
deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created

查看pod，service

[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-79c5968bdc-28fff   1/1     Running   0          97s
kubernetes-dashboard-7448ffc97b-26n85        1/1     Running   0          97s
[root@master ~]# kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.10.157.181   <none>        8000/TCP        106s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.10.8.149     <none>        443:30000/TCP   106s

通过页面访问，推荐使用firefox浏览器（https 无证书 谷歌浏览器可能无法访问）

Dashboard 支持 Kubeconfig 和 Token 两种认证方式，我们这里选择Token认证方式登录
有两种方式获取 token
方式一（方便快捷）

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret
NAME                               TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
admin-user-token-mwr8p             kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      130m
default-token-9plz5                kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      142m
kubernetes-dashboard-certs         Opaque                                0      142m
kubernetes-dashboard-csrf          Opaque                                1      142m
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder    Opaque                                2      142m
kubernetes-dashboard-token-wnmmt   kubernetes.io/service-account-token   3      142m
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe secrets -n kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-token-wnmmt  | grep token | awk 'NR==3{print $2}'
eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImxmV2ZXbWpza3NuUnJlQ0dERjM2Y1prNVZ2VU1JeWZmSTdocWtIR0pMbWMifQ.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.V-XJbhj4KcelJlyjxdbkLRes-8MnjJZ6X9Im1j308T1Cq3vw2fbo2YuRWDmXwnkpRp_LPrDZmmsbkmgMZJZDGIYQkeekzAZN33wSLtwL79uLhN22p6Mwpo8SUAQCb9G6aLT8W_b5JAUXwwmgWDVSqFupSazCGY9G2uZKB8kFmttv2_EO6GCBJ5rr1ZQCEMjIlCXNCy1a_xI4xtHLSYNOfa35-Mc9y1uVfWA4zcdbcn3tzYWT0avWUjyysybaorApZjJ9q7S9MOYpetJHv4jrKFG043BTwB1iN2rhzvStaEmofvYOCQEMy1SQC3X-0eenNJYD2QYYLwvrCuj0Zoy4iQ

方式二（需要生成 admin-user，官方建议）
官方参考文档:
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md

[root@master ~]# cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF

serviceaccount/admin-user created


[root@master ~]# cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF

clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created


[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         admin-user-token-mwr8p
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 61b3d764-5bf2-431e-99db-d524a4d379a7

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1066 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6ImxmV2ZXbWpza3NuUnJlQ0dERjM2Y1prNVZ2VU1JeWZmSTdocWtIR0pMbWMifQ.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.nixHnB5iIUz4x6gzGKwxiUW9ehxVmHP7IR8akrMQ2STvFK0T_v0DCyIVE93tSZxAC6wuUW0NF1QHRYqzIm01xsj9i37NyCCL9ZF-WNw7fjGIKN3FG5ycYRLJ5bzV_rbvmbkm6uC5PYVidR2zw_3w4s2_kiai5Gtwee8BQU0CgbDeZqUKorZR_ZyLLymvjvPMvhMEBxRFgxE-iViAXSbE0xtF2Fq5JYduWlvCEscLAN193RE0GnzLdT7R_6DoiaL5QsU20U_XA1E-3ETUI4HD8zEj89Hok02y_LXB8mEXnU3VjsL2LDeAoIEylhXOfCH8j72kiUCEu7nv3X1NPZ809A

登录后如下展示

7 node节点服务器配置以及加入集群

重复 master 节点的 1、2 配置步骤
第 3 步骤只需安装 kubectl、kubeadm 即可

加入 node 节点到集群

[root@node2 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.1.25:6443 --token mwxojd.djyh86ktwwwyv0qp --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:c90285666b8eae41a0a5dfaaa0f60fac279ffffa8378ba91e4dddf730b6c5367

在 master 上查看节点信息

[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodes 
NAME     STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
master   Ready    control-plane,master   108m   v1.20.1
node1    Ready    <none>                 14m    v1.20.1
node2    Ready    <none>                 2m7s   v1.20.1

node 节点对 kubernetes 进行配置
拷贝 master 节点服务器的 /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf 到 node 节点服务器的 /etc/kubernetes/ 目录下

[root@node2 ~]# scp root@master:/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /etc/kubernetes/

并执行如下命令

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
[root@node1 ~]# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
[root@node1 ~]# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/confi

如果是 root 账号，只需要执行如下命令即可

[root@node1 ~]# export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

或者

[root@node1 ~]# echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
[root@node1 ~]# source ~/.bash_profile

注意 注意 注意

node 节点的 docker 配置文件 /etc/docker/daemon.json 尽量跟 master 节点保持一致