NEO的智能合约部署与调用

1.智能合约的部署

1. 首先在gui里加载已经编写好的合约avm，然后填入相关信息以及参数列表和返回值。这里我们的合约输入是两个string,输出为一个string,所以参数列表填入0707，返回值07。
   
   

   snipaste_20181018_182245.png
2. 调用GetTransaction()，其作用为从gui里读出合约相关信息，然后根据信息创建一个合约脚本。

public InvocationTransaction GetTransaction()
        {
            byte[] script = textBox8.Text.HexToBytes();
            byte[] parameter_list = textBox6.Text.HexToBytes();
            ContractParameterType return_type = textBox7.Text.HexToBytes().Select(p => (ContractParameterType?)p).FirstOrDefault() ?? ContractParameterType.Void;
            ContractPropertyState properties = ContractPropertyState.NoProperty;
            if (checkBox1.Checked) properties |= ContractPropertyState.HasStorage;
            if (checkBox2.Checked) properties |= ContractPropertyState.HasDynamicInvoke;
            string name = textBox1.Text;
            string version = textBox2.Text;
            string author = textBox3.Text;
            string email = textBox4.Text;
            string description = textBox5.Text;
            using (ScriptBuilder sb = new ScriptBuilder())
            {
                sb.EmitSysCall("Neo.Contract.Create", script, parameter_list, return_type, properties, name, version, author, email, description);
                return new InvocationTransaction
                {
                    Script = sb.ToArray()
                };
            }

EmitSysCall后面会在加载虚拟机时执行下面的方法构造一个智能合约。

private bool Contract_Create(ExecutionEngine engine)
        {
            TR.Enter();
            byte[] script = engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray();
            if (script.Length > 1024 * 1024) return TR.Exit(false);
            ContractParameterType[] parameter_list = engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray().Select(p => (ContractParameterType)p).ToArray();
            if (parameter_list.Length > 252) return TR.Exit(false);
            ContractParameterType return_type = (ContractParameterType)(byte)engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetBigInteger();
            ContractPropertyState contract_properties = (ContractPropertyState)(byte)engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetBigInteger();
            if (engine.EvaluationStack.Peek().GetByteArray().Length > 252) return TR.Exit(false);
            string name = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray());
            if (engine.EvaluationStack.Peek().GetByteArray().Length > 252) return TR.Exit(false);
            string version = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray());
            if (engine.EvaluationStack.Peek().GetByteArray().Length > 252) return TR.Exit(false);
            string author = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray());
            if (engine.EvaluationStack.Peek().GetByteArray().Length > 252) return TR.Exit(false);
            string email = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray());
            if (engine.EvaluationStack.Peek().GetByteArray().Length > 65536) return TR.Exit(false);
            string description = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(engine.EvaluationStack.Pop().GetByteArray());
            UInt160 hash = script.ToScriptHash();
            ContractState contract = contracts.TryGet(hash);
            if (contract == null)
            {
                contract = new ContractState
                {
                    Script = script,
                    ParameterList = parameter_list,
                    ReturnType = return_type,
                    ContractProperties = contract_properties,
                    Name = name,
                    CodeVersion = version,
                    Author = author,
                    Email = email,
                    Description = description
                };
                contracts.Add(hash, contract);
                contracts_created.Add(hash, new UInt160(engine.CurrentContext.ScriptHash));
            }
            engine.EvaluationStack.Push(StackItem.FromInterface(contract));
            return TR.Exit(true);
        }

最后返回了一个InvocationTransaction，其Script包含合约的信息。

textBox9.Text = textBox8.Text.HexToBytes().ToScriptHash().ToString();

即Script Hash的值为智能合约代码的hash值，后面合约调用也是根据这个hash区寻找指定的脚本。这里可能会造成一个问题，如果你和别人的智能合约代码完全相同，则这两个脚本会指向同一个地址，可能会出现异常。

3. 点击部署完成后会自动弹出调用合约的界面,之前生成的脚本会自动显示在上方的文本框中。

   
   
   

   snipaste_20181019_121437.png
   
   

   这里必须先点击试运行，当试运行通过之后才可以点击调用。
   点击试运行会调用一下代码：

private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            byte[] script;
            try
            {
                script = textBox6.Text.Trim().HexToBytes();
            }
            catch (FormatException ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                return;
            }
            if (tx == null) tx = new InvocationTransaction();
            tx.Version = 1;
            tx.Script = script;
            if (tx.Attributes == null) tx.Attributes = new TransactionAttribute[0];
            if (tx.Inputs == null) tx.Inputs = new CoinReference[0];
            if (tx.Outputs == null) tx.Outputs = new TransactionOutput[0];
            if (tx.Scripts == null) tx.Scripts = new Witness[0];
            ApplicationEngine engine = ApplicationEngine.Run(tx.Script, tx);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.AppendLine($"VM State: {engine.State}");
            sb.AppendLine($"Gas Consumed: {engine.GasConsumed}");
            sb.AppendLine($"Evaluation Stack: {new JArray(engine.EvaluationStack.Select(p => p.ToParameter().ToJson()))}");
            textBox7.Text = sb.ToString();
            if (!engine.State.HasFlag(VMState.FAULT))
            {
                tx.Gas = engine.GasConsumed - Fixed8.FromDecimal(10);
                if (tx.Gas < Fixed8.Zero) tx.Gas = Fixed8.Zero;
                tx.Gas = tx.Gas.Ceiling();
                Fixed8 fee = tx.Gas.Equals(Fixed8.Zero) ? net_fee : tx.Gas;
                label7.Text = fee + " gas";
                button3.Enabled = true;
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show(Strings.ExecutionFailed);
            }
        }

ApplicationEngine.Run(tx.Script, tx);此时会将tx放入虚拟机中进行运行。

public static ApplicationEngine Run(byte[] script, IScriptContainer container = null, Block persisting_block = null)
        {
            TR.Enter();
            if (persisting_block == null)
                persisting_block = new Block
                {
                    Version = 0,