常用并发数据结构：CopyOnWriteArrayList,CopyOnWriteArraySet,ConcurrentHashMap

并发数据结构：添加或删除

• 阻塞式集合：当集合为空或满时，等待；
• 非阻塞式集合：当集合为空或满时，不等待，返回null或抛出异常！

List

• ArrayList：线程不安全；
• Vector：线程安全，适合写多读少，效率低(几乎所有的读写操作都加了synchronized)；
• Collections.synchronizedList(...)：线程安全，使用synchronized，效率低；
• CopyOnWriteArrayList：线程安全，非阻塞的，适合读多写少，推荐使用；

public class ListTypeDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 线程不安全:ArrayList
		List<String> unsafeList = new ArrayList<String>();
		// 线程安全:Vector适合写多读少,性能差,不推荐使用
		List<String> safeList1 = new Vector<String>();
		// 线程安全：基于synchronized，效率差,不推荐使用
		List<String> safeList2 = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<String>());
		// 线程安全：CopyOnWriteArrayList非阻塞的(当集合为空或满时，返回NULL或抛出异常)，适合读多写少
		// 推荐使用CopyOnWriteArrayList
		List<String> safeList3 = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
		
		ListThread t1 = new ListThread(unsafeList);
		ListThread t2 = new ListThread(safeList1);
		ListThread t3 = new ListThread(safeList2);
		ListThread t4 = new ListThread(safeList3);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t1).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t2).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t3).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t4).start();
		}
		
		try {
			Thread.sleep(100);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		System.out.println("unsafeList.size() : " + unsafeList.size());
		System.out.println("safeList1.size() : " + safeList1.size());
		System.out.println("safeList2.size() : " + safeList2.size());
		System.out.println("safeList3.size() : " + safeList3.size());
		
		System.out.println("============分隔线============");
		
		System.out.println("unsafeList : " + unsafeList.toString());
		System.out.println("safeList1 : " + safeList1.toString());
		System.out.println("safeList2 : " + safeList2.toString());
		System.out.println("safeList3 : " + safeList3.toString());
	}
}

class ListThread implements Runnable {

	private List<String> list;

	public ListThread(List<String> list) {
		this.list = list;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			list.add(String.valueOf(i));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

输出结果展示：

Set

• HashSet：线程不安全；
• Collections.synchronizedSet(...)：线程安全，使用synchronized，效率低；
• CopyOnWriteArraySet：线程安全，非阻塞，适合读多写少，推荐使用；

public class SetTypeDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 线程不安全：HashSet
		Set<String> unsafeSet = new HashSet<String>();
		// 线程不安全：TreeSet,对Set集合中的元素进行排序，是线程不安全的
		Set<String> unsafeSet2 = new TreeSet<String>();
		// 线程安全：
		Set<String> safeSet1 = Collections.synchronizedSet(new HashSet<String>());
		// 线程安全：CopyOnWriteArraySet,非阻塞，适合读多写少
		// 推荐使用
		Set<String> safeSet2 = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<String>();
		
		SetThread t1 = new SetThread(unsafeSet);
		SetThread t2 = new SetThread(unsafeSet2);
		SetThread t3 = new SetThread(safeSet1);
		SetThread t4 = new SetThread(safeSet2);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t1,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t2,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t3,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t4,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		try {
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		System.out.println("unsafeSet.size() : " + unsafeSet.size());
		System.out.println("unsafeSet2.size() : " + unsafeSet2.size());
		System.out.println("safeSet1.size() : " + safeSet1.size());
		System.out.println("safeSet2.size() : " + safeSet2.size());
		
		System.out.println("============分隔线============");
		
		System.out.println("unsafeList : " + unsafeSet.toString());
		System.out.println("safeList1 : " + unsafeSet2.toString());
		System.out.println("safeList2 : " + safeSet1.toString());
		System.out.println("safeList3 : " + safeSet2.toString());
	}
}

class SetThread implements Runnable {

	private Set<String> set;

	public SetThread(Set<String> set) {
		this.set = set;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			set.add(Thread.currentThread().getName() + String.valueOf(i));
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}

输出结果展示：

Map

• HashMap：线程不安全
• HashTable：线程安全，适合写多读少，效率低
• Collections.synchronizedMap(...)：线程安全的，基于synchronized，效率低
• ConcurrentHashMap：线程安全，非阻塞，适合读多写少，推荐使用；

public class MapDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// 线程不安全:HashMap
		Map<String, String> unsafeMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
		// 线程安全：Hashtable适合写多读少
		Map<String, String> safeMap1 = new Hashtable<String, String>();
		// 线程安全：基于synchronized，效率低
		Map<String, String> safeMap2 = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<String, String>());
		// 线程安全:ConcurrentHashMap非阻塞，适合读多写少
		// 推荐使用
		Map<String, String> safeMap3 = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
		
		MapThread t1 = new MapThread(unsafeMap);
		MapThread t2 = new MapThread(safeMap1);
		MapThread t3 = new MapThread(safeMap2);
		MapThread t4 = new MapThread(safeMap3);
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t1,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t2,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t3,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			new Thread(t4,String.valueOf(i)).start();
		}
		
		try {
			Thread.sleep(1000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		System.out.println("unsafeMap.size() : " + unsafeMap.size());
		System.out.println("safeMap1.size() : " + safeMap1.size());
		System.out.println("safeMap2.size() : " + safeMap2.size());
		System.out.println("safeMap3.size() : " + safeMap3.size());
		
		System.out.println("============分隔线============");
		
		System.out.println("unsafeMap : " + unsafeMap.toString());
		System.out.println("safeMap1 : " + safeMap1.toString());
		System.out.println("safeMap2 : " + safeMap2.toString());
		System.out.println("safeMap3 : " + safeMap3.toString());
	}
}

class MapThread implements Runnable {

	private Map<String,String> map;

	public MapThread(Map<String,String> map) {
		this.map = map;
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			String kv = Thread.currentThread().getName() + String.valueOf(i);
			map.put(kv, kv);
			try {
				Thread.sleep(10);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
	}
}