如何利用Vertex Buffers在OpenGL里画一个三角形

原理是：基于你选定的Shader和Buffer去绘制某个三角形，OpenGL是一种状态机，意思是OpenGL不是一个对象

instead of me just saying draw me a triangle and pass everything that opengl needs to 
know to draw the that triangle it actually knows what it needs to do
OpenGL work draw a triangle and base on which buffer and which shader you have selected, to determine
what triangle get drawn and where and all of that stuff

现代绘图流水线
https://blog.csdn.net/wangdingqiaoit/article/details/51318793

talk is cheap, show me the code

GLCALL是个人用来检查错误的宏

	unsigned int buffer;
	GLCall(glGenBuffers(1, &buffer));//create an ID :buffer

	//就像 PS 一样在指定层上画画
	GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer));

	//specify the buffer
	GLCall(glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(float), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW));

 http://docs.gl/是一个查找OpenGL的好网站，访问的时候把上网策略关了

以glBufferData为例，glBufferData很重要，它负责把绑定的buffer输送到GPU上

如何告诉OpenGLposition中的数据分布？VertexAttrib.

顶点属性 Vertex Attribute 和 shader

Vertex Attribute:

opengl pipeline 的工作方式：提供图形类型给数据，然后存储在GPU上的内存里（内存里包含了我们想要绘制的所有数据）

然后我们使用shader（在GPU上执行的一种程序）读取这部分数据，然后在屏幕上显示下来

有代表性的是，我们实际上绘制图形使用的是一个Vertex buffer （存储在GPU上的一部分内存的 buffer ）

当shader 实际上开始读取 Vertex buffer 时，它需要知道 buffer 的布局（ buffer 里面有什么）

如果我们不说这个，它只是和c++的其他数据没什么两样

/*glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
		glVertex2d(-0.5f, -0.5f);
		glVertex2d(0.0f, 0.5f);
		glVertex2d(0.5f, -0.5f);
		glEnd();*/

float positions[] = {//逆时针绘制

		-0.5f, -0.5f, 
		 0.5f, 0.5f, 
		 0.5f,  -0.5f, 

		 
	};

		//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);//从buffer里第*组开始draw，一共*组点

		//GLClearError();
		//Draw Call
		GLCall(glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6/* 代表indices里面6个index */, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr));//因为前面glBindBuffer已经创建绑定所以空指针
		// GL_UNSIGNED_INT 如果被写成了GL_INT，会导致黑屏
		//GLCheckError();
		//ASSERT(GLLogCall());

vertex（顶点）顶点并不总是坐标，可以是别的什么东西，颜色、坐标等等都可以用vertex表示

glVertexAttribPointer() 参数：

stride: the amount of bytes between each vertex 12 for coordinate(index1), 8 for texture(index2), 12 for normal(index3)(bytes) so the stride is 32 bytes（每个属性（比如说坐标）的全部长度）

pointer: 指向属性的指针 coordinate offset = 0 ,texture offset = 12, normal offset = 20
 

！REMEMBER 记得使能vertex Attribute

	//!!!!! REMEMBER!!!!!!!
	GLCall(glEnableVertexAttribArray(0));

  	GLCall(glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float)*2, 0));//2: component count

 参考代码

个人笔记已经同步传至github，如果有问题请赐教

个人邮箱 867027145@qq.com

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>


#define ASSERT(x) if(!(x)) __debugbreak();
#define GLCall(x) GLClearError();\
	x;\
	ASSERT(GLLogCall(#x/* 把函数名当做字符串返回 */, __FILE__, __LINE__))

static void GLClearError()
{
	while (glGetError() != GL_NO_ERROR);
}

static bool GLLogCall(const char* function, const char* file, int line)
{
	while (GLenum error = glGetError())
	{
		std::cout << "[OpenGL Error] (" << error << " )" << function << " " << file << ":" << line << std::endl;
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}



int main(void)
{
	GLFWwindow* window;

	/* Initialize the library */
	if (!glfwInit())
		return -1;

	GLCall(glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3));
	GLCall(glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3));
	GLCall(glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE));
	//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE);


	/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
	window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
	if (!window)
	{
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	/* Make the window's context current */
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

		if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
		std::cout << "Error!" << std::endl;
	//First you need to create a valid OpenGL rendering context and call glewInit() to initialize the extension entry points. 

	std::cout << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;

	float positions[] = {//逆时针绘制

		-0.5f, -0.5f, 
		 0.0f, 0.5f,
		 0.5f,  -0.5f, 
		  
	};//vertex shader 会调用三次

	

	unsigned int buffer;
	GLCall(glGenBuffers(1, &buffer));//create an ID :buffer

	//就像 PS 一样在指定层上画画
	GLCall(glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer));

	//specify the buffer
	GLCall(glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 4 * 2 * sizeof(float), positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW));

	//!!!!! REMEMBER!!!!!!!
	GLCall(glEnableVertexAttribArray(0));

  	GLCall(glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float)*2, 0));//2: component count



	/* Loop until the user closes the window */
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		/* Render here */
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		


		/*glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
		glVertex2d(-0.5f, -0.5f);
		glVertex2d(0.0f, 0.5f);
		glVertex2d(0.5f, -0.5f);
		glEnd();*/

		//glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);//从buffer里第*组开始draw，一共*组点

		//GLClearError();
		//Draw Call
		GLCall(glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6/* 代表indices里面6个index */, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr));//因为前面glBindBuffer已经创建绑定所以空指针
		// GL_UNSIGNED_INT 如果被写成了GL_INT，会导致黑屏
		//GLCheckError();
		//ASSERT(GLLogCall());



		/* Swap front and back buffers */
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);

		/* Poll for and process events */
		glfwPollEvents();
	}

	glDeleteProgram(shader);

	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
}

更新：精简无代码注释版

#include <GL/glew.h>
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>

int main(void)
{
	GLFWwindow* window;

	/* Initialize the library */
	if (!glfwInit())
		return -1;

	glewInit();

	/* Create a windowed mode window and its OpenGL context */
	window = glfwCreateWindow(640, 480, "Hello World", NULL, NULL);
	if (!window)
	{
		glfwTerminate();
		return -1;
	}

	/* Make the window's context current */
	glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

	if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK)
		std::cout << "Error!" << std::endl;

	std::cout << glGetString(GL_VERSION) << std::endl;

	float positions[6] = {
		-0.5f, -0.5f,
		 0.0f,  0.5f,
		 0.5f, -0.5f
	};



	unsigned int buffer;
	glGenBuffers(1, &buffer);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer);
	glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 6 * sizeof(float)/*in bytes*/, positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

	glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
	glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, sizeof(float) * 2, 0);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0);

	/* Loop until the user closes the window */
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window))
	{
		/* Render here */
		glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

		glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
		
		/* Swap front and back buffers */
		glfwSwapBuffers(window);

		/* Poll for and process events */
		glfwPollEvents();
	}

	glfwTerminate();
	return 0;
	
}