HttpClient工具

当写好了WEB程序，使用Java客户端访问，最好使用HttpComponents组件。在apche上下载，配置到项目中。

范例：定义一个处理用户请求的Servlet程序

package cn.ren.demo;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@WebServlet("/hello")
public class HttpServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		response.getWriter().println("name = " + request.getParameter("name")); 
		System.out.println("***" + request.getParameter("name")); // 在后台做个打印
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		this.doGet(request, response);
	}
}

范例：定义一个Get请求：

package cn.ren.demo;

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;

public class HttpClientGetDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String url = "http://localhost/HttpServlet/hello?name=ren" ;
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault() ;  // 创建一个Http访问客户端
		HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url) ;  // GET请求
		CloseableHttpResponse reponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet) ; // 发送GET请求
		System.out.println(reponse.getEntity());
		System.out.println(reponse.getCode());
		System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(reponse.getEntity()));
	}
}

范例：使用HttpClient发送POST请求

在HelloServlet里面追加一个处理POST请求的方法：

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
		String msg = request.getParameter("msg") ;
		System.out.println("### POST请求" + msg); // 后台打印
		response.getWriter().print("<h1>" + msg + "</h1>");
	}

定义POST请求处理:

package cn.ren.demo;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.hc.client5.http.classic.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.hc.client5.http.impl.classic.HttpClients;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.io.entity.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.hc.core5.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

public class HttpClientPostDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String url = "http://localhost/HttpServlet/hello";
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault(); // 创建一个Http访问客户端
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); // Post请求
		// 需要将所有的参数进行一个封装处理
		List<NameValuePair> allParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		allParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("msg", "世界，你好")); // 追加传递参数
		allParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("mid", "renjava"));
		// 由于传递了中文，所以需要对中文进行编码控制
		UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(allParams); // 设置编码
		httpPost.setEntity(entity); // 将发送的数据与POST对象绑定在一起
		CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost); // 发送Post请求
		System.out.println(response.getEntity());
		System.out.println(response.getCode());
		System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
	}
}