第二行代码第九章笔记

使用网络技术

WebView的用法

WebView控件可以在我们的应用程序里嵌入一个浏览器，从而非常轻松地展示各种各样的网页
activity_main.xml中的代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.demo.webviewtest.MainActivity">

    <WebView
        android:id="@+id/web_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

    </WebView>
</LinearLayout>

MAinActivity中的代码：

WebView webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.web_view);
webView.getSettings().setJavaScriptEnabled(true);   //getSettings 设置浏览器属性;setJavaScriptEnabled让webView支持JavaScript脚本
webView.setWebViewClient(new WebViewClient());
webView.loadUrl("http://www.baidu.com");

本程序使用了网络功能，需要加入网络权限

使用http协议访问网络

工作原理：客户端向服务器发出一条http请求，服务器收到请求后会返回一些数据给客户端，然后客户端再对这些数据进行解析和处理就可以了

使用HttpUrlConnection

新建一个NetworkTest项目：
activity_main.xml中的代码：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.demo.networktest.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/send_request"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
        android:text="Send Request"/>

    <ScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

    </ScrollView>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/response_text"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

修改MainActivity中的代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity  implements View.OnClickListener{
    private TextView responseText;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendResquest = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        responseText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        sendResquest.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        if (view.getId() == R.id.send_request) {
            sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
        }
    }

    private void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection() {
        //开启线程来发起网络请求
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection = null;
                BufferedReader reader = null;
                try {
                    URL url = new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
                    connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
                    //下面對獲取到的收入流進行讀取
                    reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(response.toString());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } finally {
                    if (reader != null) {
                        try {
                            reader.close();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if (connection != null) {
                        connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }

            }

        }).start();
    }
    private void showResponse(final String response) {
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //在這裡進行UI操作，將結果顯示到界面
                responseText.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }
}

要加网络权限

服务器返回给我们的是HTML代码，只是通常情况下会将这些代码解析成漂亮的网页后再展示出来

每条数据都要以键值对的形式存在，数据与数据之间用”&”符号隔开

使用OkHttp

okhttp是Square公司开发的，这个公司还开发了像 Picasso、Retrofit等著名的开源项目
项目主页地址： http://github.com/square/okhttp

首先要添加依赖
创建一个OkHttpClient实例

OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();

发送http请求，创建一个request对象：

Request request = new Request.Builder().build();

之后调用OkHttpClient的newCall()方法来创建一个call对象，并调用他的execute()方法来发送请求并获取服务器返回的数据

Response response = client.newCall(request).execute();

解析XML格式数据

Apache服务器安装包，官方下载地址： http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

pull 解析方式

private void parseXMLWithPull(String xmlData) {
    try {
        XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
        XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
        xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlData));
        int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
        String id = "";
        String name = "";
        String version = "";
        while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
            String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
            switch (eventType) {
                // 开始解析某个结点
                case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
                    if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
                        id = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                    } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
                        name = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                    } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
                        version = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                    }
                    break;
                }
                // 完成解析某个结点
                case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
                    if ("app".equals(nodeName)) {
                        Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
                        Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
                        Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                default:
                    break;
            }
            eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

private void parseXMLWithSAX(String xmlData) {
    try {
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        XMLReader xmlReader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
        ContentHandler handler = new ContentHandler();
        // 将ContentHandler的实例设置到XMLReader中
        xmlReader.setContentHandler(handler);
        // 开始执行解析
        xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(xmlData)));
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

SAX解析

新建一个类继承自DefaultHandler,并重写父类的五个方法：

public class ContentHandler extends DefaultHandler {

    private String nodeName;

    private StringBuilder id;

    private StringBuilder name;

    private StringBuilder version;

    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        id = new StringBuilder();
        name = new StringBuilder();
        version = new StringBuilder();
    }

    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        // 记录当前结点名
        nodeName = localName;
    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        // 根据当前的结点名判断将内容添加到哪一个StringBuilder对象中
        if ("id".equals(nodeName)) {
            id.append(ch, start, length);
        } else if ("name".equals(nodeName)) {
            name.append(ch, start, length);
        } else if ("version".equals(nodeName)) {
            version.append(ch, start, length);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        if ("app".equals(localName)) {
            Log.d("ContentHandler", "id is " + id.toString().trim());
            Log.d("ContentHandler", "name is " + name.toString().trim());
            Log.d("ContentHandler", "version is " + version.toString().trim());
            // 最后要将StringBuilder清空掉
            id.setLength(0);
            name.setLength(0);
            version.setLength(0);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.endDocument();
    }

}
//SAX解析
private void parseJSONWithJSONObject(String jsonData) {
    try {
        JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(jsonData);
        for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
            JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
            String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
            String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
            String version = jsonObject.getString("version");
            Log.d("MainActivity", "id is " + id);
            Log.d("MainActivity", "name is " + name);
            Log.d("MainActivity", "version is " + version);
        }
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

解析json格式数据

json的优势：体积小，在网络传输的时候更省流量
缺点：语义性差，看起来不直观

子线程是无法通过return语句来返回数据的