springcloudRest微服务构建

本文介绍了如何使用Maven的分包分模块架构构建Spring Cloud微服务。从一个基本的Maven模块结构开始,详细展示了如何创建父项目、公共子模块、微服务提供者和消费者模块。在构建过程中,涉及了POM配置、YAML设置、数据库脚本、Mapper接口、Service和Controller的实现,以及使用RestTemplate进行RESTful接口调用。在构建过程中遇到并解决了关于ConfigurableApplicationContext的编译问题。
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    Maven的分包分模块架构复习

一个简单的Maven模块结构是这样的:
---- app-parent      一个父项目(app-parent)聚合很多子项目(app-util,app-dao,app-service,app-web)
      |---- pom.xml (pom)
      |
      |-------- app-util
      | |-------- pom.xml (jar)
      |
      |-------- app-dao
      | |-------- pom.xml (jar)
      |
      |-------- app-service
      | |-------- pom.xml (jar)
      |
      |-------- app-web
        |-------- pom.xml (war) 


      一个Project带着多个Module子模块
      MicroServiceCloud父工程(Project)下初次带着3个子模块(Module)
        microservicecloud-api
          封装的整体Entity/接口/公共配置等
        microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
          微服务落地的服务提供者
        microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80
          微服务调用的客户端使用
          80端口

80端口是为HTTP(HyperText Transport Protocol)即超文本传输协议开放的
此为上网冲浪使用次数最多的协议,主要用于WWW(World Wide Web)即万维网传输信息的协议。
 
可以通过HTTP地址(即常说的"网址")加":80"来访问网站,
 


  构建步骤
    microservicecloud 整体父工程Project
      新建父工程microservicecloud,切记是Packageing是pom模式


      主要是定义POM文件,将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提出来,类似一个抽象父类
      POM

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>pom</packaging>
 
 
  <properties>
   <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
   <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
   <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
   <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
   <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
   <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
  </properties>
 
  <dependencyManagement>
   <dependencies>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
       <version>Dalston.SR1</version>
       <type>pom</type>
       <scope>import</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
       <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
       <type>pom</type>
       <scope>import</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>mysql</groupId>
       <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
       <version>5.0.4</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
       <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
       <version>1.0.31</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
       <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
       <version>1.3.0</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
       <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
       <version>1.2.3</version>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>junit</groupId>
       <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
       <version>${junit.version}</version>
       <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
     <dependency>
       <groupId>log4j</groupId>
       <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
       <version>${log4j.version}</version>
     </dependency>
   </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

 


    microservicecloud-api 公共子模块Module

 


      新建microservicecloud-api
        创建完成后父工程查看pom会增加

<modules>
        <module>microservicecloud-api</module>
</modules>

 


      修改POM

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <parent><!-- 子类里面显示声明才能有明确的继承表现,无意外就是父类的默认版本否则自己定义 -->
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
 
  <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId><!-- 当前Module我自己叫什么名字 -->
 
  <dependencies><!-- 当前Module需要用到的jar包,按自己需求添加,如果父类已经包含了,可以不用写版本号 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
     <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
   </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
 
 
</project>

 


      新建部门Entity且配合lombok使用

package com.atguigu.springcloud.entities;
 
import java.io.Serializable;
 
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
 
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain=true)
public class Dept implements Serializable //必须序列化
{
  private Long  deptno;   //主键
  private String  dname;   //部门名称
  private String  db_source;//来自那个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,同一个信息被存储到不同数据库
  
  public Dept(String dname)
  {
   super();
   this.dname = dname;
  }
}


 


      mvn clean install后给其它模块引用,达到通用目的。 也即需要用到部门实体的话,不用每个工程都定义一份,直接引用本模块即可。
    microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001  部门微服务提供者Module
      新建microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001


      POM

 
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <parent>
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
 
  <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
 
  <dependencies>
   <dependency><!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Dept部门Entity -->
     <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
     <version>${project.version}</version>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>junit</groupId>
     <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>mysql</groupId>
     <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
     <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
     <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
   </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
</project>

 


      YML

server:
  port: 8001
  
mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml        # mybatis配置文件所在路径
  type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities    # 所有Entity别名类所在包
  mapper-locations:
  - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml                       # mapper映射文件
    
spring:
   application:
    name: microservicecloud-dept                                         #对外暴露的名称
   datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource            # 当前数据源操作类型
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver              # mysql驱动包
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01              # 数据库名称
    username: root
    password: 123456
    dbcp2:
      min-idle: 5                                           # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数
      initial-size: 5                                       # 初始化连接数
      max-total: 5                                          # 最大连接数
      max-wait-millis: 200                                  # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间
 

 


      工程src/main/resources目录下新建mybatis文件夹后新建mybatis.cfg.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
  
<configuration>
 
  <settings>
   <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/><!-- 二级缓存开启 -->
  </settings>
 
</configuration>

 


      MySQL创建部门数据库脚本

DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS cloudDB01;
CREATE DATABASE cloudDB01 CHARACTER SET UTF8;
USE cloudDB01;
CREATE TABLE dept
(
  deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
  dname VARCHAR(60),
  db_source   VARCHAR(60)
);
 
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
 
SELECT * FROM dept;
 
 
 
 

 


      DeptDao部门接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.dao;
 
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
 
@Mapper
public interface DeptDao
{
  public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
 
  public Dept findById(Long id);
 
  public List<Dept> findAll();
}
 

@Mapper的作用相当于@Repository+@MapperScan


      工程src/main/resources/mybatis目录下新建mapper文件夹后再建DeptMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
 
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
 
  <select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
   select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno}; 
  </select>
  <select id="findAll" resultType="Dept">
   select deptno,dname,db_source from dept; 
  </select>
  <insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
   INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
  </insert>
  
</mapper>
 

 


      DeptService部门服务接口

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
 
public interface DeptService
{
  public boolean add(Dept dept);
  public Dept    get(Long id);
  public List<Dept> list();
}
 

 


      DeptServiceImpl部门服务接口实现类

package com.atguigu.springcloud.service.impl;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 
import com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.DeptDao;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptService;
 
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService
{
  @Autowired
  private DeptDao dao ;
  
  @Override
  public boolean add(Dept dept)
  {
   return dao.addDept(dept);
  }
 
  @Override
  public Dept get(Long id)
  {
   return dao.findById(id);
  }
 
  @Override
  public List<Dept> list()
  {
   return dao.findAll();
  }
 
}
 

 


      DeptController部门微服务提供者REST

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
 
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptService;
 
@RestController
public class DeptController
{
  @Autowired
  private DeptService service;
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept)
  {
   return service.add(dept);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
  {
   return service.get(id);
  }
  
  @RequestMapping(value="/dept/list",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  public List<Dept> list()
  {
   return service.list();
  }
  
  
  
}


 


      DeptProvider8001_App主启动类DeptProvider8001_App

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
   SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args);
  }
}

 



    microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80 部门微服务消费者Module
      新建microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80
      POM

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 
  <parent>
   <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
   <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
 
  <artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
  <description>部门微服务消费者</description>
 
  <dependencies>
   <dependency><!-- 自己定义的api -->
     <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
     <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
     <version>${project.version}</version>
   </dependency> 
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
     <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
   </dependency>   
  </dependencies>
 
 
</project>

 


      YML

server:
  port: 80

 


      com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans包下ConfigBean的编写(类似spring里面的applicationContext.xml写入的注入Bean)

package com.atguigu.springcloud.cfgbeans;
 
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean
{
    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
    {
         return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

 


      com.atguigu.springcloud.controller包下新建DeptController_Consumer部门微服务消费者REST
        RestTemplate
          是什么

RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法, 
是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类,是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集
 


          官网及使用

使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴无脑。
(url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表 
REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
 


        代码

package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
 
import java.util.List;
 
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
 
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept;
 
@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer
{
    private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
    
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/add")
    public boolean add(Dept dept)
    {
         return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
    }
    
    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
    public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
    {
         return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id, Dept.class);
    }
    
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    @RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/list")
    public List<Dept> list()
    {
         return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);
    }   
}
 
 
 

 


      DeptConsumer80_App主启动类

package com.atguigu.springcloud;
 
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 
 
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer80_App
{
  public static void main(String[] args)
  {
   SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
  }
}
 
 
 

 

测试
  http://localhost/consumer/dept/get/2
  http://localhost/consumer/dept/list
  http://localhost/consumer/dept/add?dname=AI 

在构建的过程中发现了一个问题,用了两个小时都没解决,后来偶然解决了

问题描述

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problems:
The type org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext cannot be resolved. It is indirectly referenced from required .class files
The method run(Object, String...) from the type SpringApplication refers to the missing type ConfigurableApplicationContext

 org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext cannot be resolved.org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext丢失,也就是说该导入的包因为某些原因没有完全导入,原因是MAVEN本地仓库中的对应的某个jar没有下载完全,删除后,进行maven-update project,重新下载,重新下载完成后重新启动无误,这个没下载完全的包是org.springframework.spring-context.4.3.13.RELEASE

 

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