Eureka的基本架构
Spring Cloud 封装了 Netflix 公司开发的 Eureka 模块来实现服务注册和发现(请对比Zookeeper)。
Eureka 采用了 C-S 的设计架构。Eureka Server 作为服务注册功能的服务器,它是服务注册中心。
而系统中的其他微服务,使用 Eureka 的客户端连接到 Eureka Server并维持心跳连接。这样系统的维护人员就可以通过 Eureka Server 来监控系统中各个微服务是否正常运行。SpringCloud 的一些其他模块(比如Zuul)就可以通过 Eureka Server 来发现系统中的其他微服务,并执行相关的逻辑。
请注意和Dubbo的架构对比
Eureka包含两个组件:Eureka Server和Eureka Client
Eureka Server提供服务注册服务
各个节点启动后,会在EurekaServer中进行注册,这样EurekaServer中的服务注册表中将会存储所有可用服务节点的信息,服务节点的信息可以在界面中直观的看到
EurekaClient是一个Java客户端,用于简化Eureka Server的交互,客户端同时也具备一个内置的、使用轮询(round-robin)负载算法的负载均衡器。在应用启动后,将会向Eureka Server发送心跳(默认周期为30秒)。如果Eureka Server在多个心跳周期内没有接收到某个节点的心跳,EurekaServer将会从服务注册表中把这个服务节点移除(默认90秒)
三大角色
Eureka Server 提供服务注册和发现
Service Provider服务提供方将自身服务注册到Eureka,从而使服务消费方能够找到
Service Consumer服务消费方从Eureka获取注册服务列表,从而能够消费服务
Eureka Server 构建步骤
microservicecloud-eureka-7001 eureka服务注册中心Module
新建microservicecloud-eureka-7001
POM<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud-eureka-7001</artifactId> <dependencies> <!--eureka-server服务端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
YMLserver: port: 7001 eureka: instance: hostname: eureka7001.com #eureka服务端的实例名称 client: register-with-eureka: false #false表示不向注册中心注册自己。 fetch-registry: false #false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务 service-url: defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #单机,设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址(单机)。 #defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
EurekaServer7001_App主启动类
@EnableEurekaServerpackage com.atguigu.springcloud; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer // EurekaServer服务器端启动类,接受其它微服务注册进来 public class EurekaServer7001_App { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaServer7001_App.class, args); } }
测试
http://localhost:7001/
结果页面No application available 没有服务被发现 O(∩_∩)O 因为没有注册服务进来当然不可能有服务被发现
Service Provider构建步骤
microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 将已有的部门微服务注册进eureka服务中心
修改microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
POM
修改部分<!-- 将微服务provider侧注册进eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency>
完整内容<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Dept部门Entity --> <dependency> <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 将微服务provider侧注册进eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
YML
修改部分eureka: client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内 service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
defaultZone就是eureka服务端的defaultZone
完整内容server: port: 8001 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis配置文件所在路径 type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity别名类所在包 mapper-locations: - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml # mapper映射文件 spring: application: name: microservicecloud-dept datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 当前数据源操作类型 driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver # mysql驱动包 url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01 # 数据库名称 username: root password: 123456 dbcp2: min-idle: 5 # 数据库连接池的最小维持连接数 initial-size: 5 # 初始化连接数 max-total: 5 # 最大连接数 max-wait-millis: 200 # 等待连接获取的最大超时时间 eureka: client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内 service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
DeptProvider8001_App主启动类package com.atguigu.springcloud; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient //本服务启动后会自动注册进eureka服务中 public class DeptProvider8001_App { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args); } }
测试
先要启动EurekaServer
http://localhost:7001/
微服务注册名配置说明
actuator与注册微服务信息完善主机名称:服务名称修改
修改microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
YML
修改部分 设置注册服务器名称eureka: client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内 service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka instance: instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001 #设置注册服务器名称
访问信息有IP信息提示
修改microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
YMLureka: client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内 service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka instance: instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001 #自定义服务名称信息 prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址
微服务info内容详细信息
修改microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
POM<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId> <dependencies> <!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Dept部门Entity --> <dependency> <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId> <version>${project.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- 将微服务provider侧注册进eureka --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- actuator监控信息完善 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
总的父工程microservicecloud修改pom.xml添加构建build信息
POM<build> <finalName>microservicecloud</finalName> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> #访问src/main/resources目录下的资源 <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <delimiters> <delimit>$</delimit> </delimiters> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>pom</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version> </properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Dalston.SR1</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId> <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.0.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid</artifactId> <version>1.0.31</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <finalName>microservicecloud</finalName> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <filtering>true</filtering> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <delimiters> <delimit>$</delimit> </delimiters> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <modules> <module>microservicecloud-api</module> <module>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</module> <module>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</module> <module>microservicecloud-eureka-7001</module> </modules> </project>
修改microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001
YML
info: app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud company.name: www.atguigu.com build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ build.version: $project.version$
server: port: 8001 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml #mybatis所在路径 type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entity别名类 mapper-locations: - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml #mapper映射文件 spring: application: name: microservicecloud-dept datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01 username: root password: 123456 dbcp2: min-idle: 5 initial-size: 5 max-total: 5 max-wait-millis: 200 eureka: client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内 service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka instance: instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001 #自定义服务名称信息 prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址 info: app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud company.name: www.atguigu.com build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ build.version: $project.version$
eureka自我保护
故障现象
导致原因
什么是自我保护模式?
默认情况下,如果EurekaServer在一定时间内没有接收到某个微服务实例的心跳,EurekaServer将会注销该实例(默认90秒)。但是当网络分区故障发生时,微服务与EurekaServer之间无法正常通信,以上行为可能变得非常危险了——因为微服务本身其实是健康的,此时本不应该注销这个微服务。Eureka通过“自我保护模式”来解决这个问题——当EurekaServer节点在短时间内丢失过多客户端时(可能发生了网络分区故障),那么这个节点就会进入自我保护模式。一旦进入该模式,EurekaServer就会保护服务注册表中的信息,不再删除服务注册表中的数据(也就是不会注销任何微服务)。当网络故障恢复后,该Eureka Server节点会自动退出自我保护模式。
在自我保护模式中,Eureka Server会保护服务注册表中的信息,不再注销任何服务实例。当它收到的心跳数重新恢复到阈值以上时,该Eureka Server节点就会自动退出自我保护模式。它的设计哲学就是宁可保留错误的服务注册信息,也不盲目注销任何可能健康的服务实例。一句话讲解:好死不如赖活着
综上,自我保护模式是一种应对网络异常的安全保护措施。它的架构哲学是宁可同时保留所有微服务(健康的微服务和不健康的微服务都会保留),也不盲目注销任何健康的微服务。使用自我保护模式,可以让Eureka集群更加的健壮、稳定。
在Spring Cloud中,可以使用eureka.server.enable-self-preservation = false 禁用自我保护模式。
一句话:某时刻某一个微服务不可用了,eureka不会立刻清理,依旧会对该微服务的信息进行保存
服务发现:用处不大是提供给外部人员了解注册服务的详细信息
@EnableDiscoveryClient //服务发现
package com.atguigu.springcloud; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient //本服务启动后会自动注册进eureka服务中 @EnableDiscoveryClient //服务发现 public class DeptProvider8001_App { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args); } }
// @Autowired // private DiscoveryClient client; @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/discovery", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Object discovery() { List<String> list = client.getServices(); System.out.println("**********" + list); List<ServiceInstance> srvList = client.getInstances("MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT"); for (ServiceInstance element : srvList) { System.out.println(element.getServiceId() + "\t" + element.getHost() + "\t" + element.getPort() + "\t" + element.getUri()); } return this.client; }
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Dept; import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.DeptService; @RestController public class DeptController { @Autowired private DeptService service; @Autowired private DiscoveryClient client; @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/add", method = RequestMethod.POST) public boolean add( Dept dept) { return service.add(dept); } @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) { return service.get(id); } @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/list", method = RequestMethod.GET) public List<Dept> list() { return service.list(); } // @Autowired // private DiscoveryClient client; @RequestMapping(value = "/dept/discovery", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Object discovery() { List<String> list = client.getServices(); System.out.println("**********" + list); List<ServiceInstance> srvList = client.getInstances("MICROSERVICECLOUD-DEPT"); for (ServiceInstance element : srvList) { System.out.println(element.getServiceId() + "\t" + element.getHost() + "\t" + element.getPort() + "\t" + element.getUri()); } return this.client; } }
集群配置
原理说明
新建microservicecloud-eureka-7002/microservicecloud-eureka-7003
按照7001为模板粘贴POM
修改7002和7003的主启动类
修改映射配置
找到C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc路径下的hosts文件
修改映射配置添加进hosts文件
127.0.0.1 eureka7001.com
127.0.0.1 eureka7002.com
127.0.0.1 eureka7003.com
3台eureka服务器的yml配置
7001server: port: 7001 eureka: instance: hostname: eureka7001.com #eureka服务端的实例名称 client: register-with-eureka: false #false表示不向注册中心注册自己。 fetch-registry: false #false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务 service-url: #单机 defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址(单机)。 defaultZone: http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
7002server: port: 7002 eureka: instance: hostname: eureka7002.com #eureka服务端的实例名称 client: register-with-eureka: false #false表示不向注册中心注册自己。 fetch-registry: false #false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务 service-url: #defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址。 defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/
7003server: port: 7003 eureka: instance: hostname: eureka7003.com #eureka服务端的实例名称 client: register-with-eureka: false #false表示不向注册中心注册自己。 fetch-registry: false #false表示自己端就是注册中心,我的职责就是维护服务实例,并不需要去检索服务 service-url: #defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #设置与Eureka Server交互的地址查询服务和注册服务都需要依赖这个地址。 defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/
microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001 微服务发布到上面3台eureka集群配置中
YMLserver: port: 8001 mybatis: config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml #mybatis所在路径 type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #entity别名类 mapper-locations: - classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml #mapper映射文件 spring: application: name: microservicecloud-dept datasource: type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01 username: root password: 123456 dbcp2: min-idle: 5 initial-size: 5 max-total: 5 max-wait-millis: 200 eureka: client: #客户端注册进eureka服务列表内 service-url: defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka/,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka/,http://eureka7003.com:7003/eureka/ instance: instance-id: microservicecloud-dept8001 #自定义服务名称信息 prefer-ip-address: true #访问路径可以显示IP地址 info: app.name: atguigu-microservicecloud company.name: www.atguigu.com build.artifactId: $project.artifactId$ build.version: $project.version$