一个简单的例子来了解一下jsp页面转发到servlet的过程,环境 eclipse、tomcat
1.工程目录结构如下
2.各部分代码如下
1>index.jsp
1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" 2 pageEncoding="utf-8"%> 3 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> 4 <html> 5 <head> 6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> 7 <title>首页</title> 8 </head> 9 <body> 10 <a href = "ForwardServlet">ForwardServlet</a><br> 11 <a href = "MyServlet">MyServlet</a> 12 </body> 13 </html>
2>web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5"> <servlet> <servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.scd.servlet.ForwardServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/ForwardServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.scd.servlet.MyServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>MyServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/MyServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
3>ForwardServlet.java
1 package com.scd.servlet; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 5 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 9 10 /** 11 * Servlet implementation class ForwardServlet 12 */ 13 //@WebServlet("/ForwardServlet") 14 public class ForwardServlet extends HttpServlet { 15 private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 16 17 /** 18 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet() 19 */ 20 public ForwardServlet() { 21 super(); 22 // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub 23 } 24 25 /** 26 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 27 */ 28 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 29 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 30 System.out.println("My First Servlet!"); 31 } 32 33 /** 34 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 35 */ 36 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 37 // TODO Auto-generated method stub 38 39 } 40 41 }
过程详解:当点击ForwardServlet连接时,请求到达服务器tomcat后,tomcat检查当前项目的web.xml中所有的<servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping>
配置中的<url-pattern></url-pattern>的属性值。看当中有没有一个和请求地址Forward相同。结果找到如,如下:
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/ForwardServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
其中 <url-pattern>/ForwardServlet</url-pattern> 是你访问地址
然后,tomcat找到和<servlet-mapping>相对应的<servlet-name>的<servlet>,根据<servlet-name>属性匹配, 找到了相同名字的
<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet>
如下:
<servlet>
<servlet-name>ForwardServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.scd.servlet.ForwardServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
根据上面的<servlet-class>找到Servlet文件ForwardServlet.class。
执行结果,在终端输出:
注意:在servlet中如果使用了注解@WebServlet("/ForwardServlet") ,那么在xml问件中就不需要配置该servlet的映射关系,如果两者都写了,开启服务器是会报错
The servlets named [ForwardServlet] and [com.scd.servlet.ForwardServlet] are both mapped to the url-pattern [/ForwardServlet] which is not permitted
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转载来自:http://www.cnblogs.com/shootercheng/p/5838737.html