Android基础——XML和JSON解析

XML和JSON是什么？

EXtensible Markup Language，可扩展标记语言，通过标签<xxx>和相关属性来维护文档的结构，广泛用于信息传输存储。

JavaScript Object Notation，JS 对象简谱，通过键值对来存储数据。

XML解析

在res文件夹新建raw文件夹，存放strings.xml，内容如下：

<resources>
    <string>demo0</string>
</resources>

Pull解析

修改MainActivity：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        parseXMLWithPull();
    }

    private void parseXMLWithPull() {
        try {
            XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
            XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
            InputStream inputStream = getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.strings);
            xmlPullParser.setInput(inputStream, "utf-8");
            int eventType = xmlPullParser.getEventType();
            String string = "";
            while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                String nodeName = xmlPullParser.getName();
                switch (eventType) {
                    case XmlPullParser.START_TAG: {
                        if ("string".equals(nodeName)) {
                            string = xmlPullParser.nextText();
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    case XmlPullParser.END_TAG: {
                        if ("resources".equals(nodeName)) {
                            Log.d("MainActivity", string);
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    default:
                        break;
                }
                eventType = xmlPullParser.next();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

SAX解析

新建类SAXHandler继承DefaultHandler，重写

• startDocument()开始解析xml时调用
• startElement()开始解析某节点时调用
• characters()获取某节点中内容时调用
• endElement()完成解析某节点时调用
• endDocument()完成解析xml时调用

public class SAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {

    private String nodeName;
    private StringBuilder string;

    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        string = new StringBuilder();

    }
    
    @Override
    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        nodeName = localName;

    }

    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException {
        if ("string".equals(nodeName)) {
            string.append(ch, start, length);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException {
        if ("resources".equals(localName)) {
            Log.d("SAXHandler", "string: " + string.toString().trim());
            string.setLength(0);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        super.endDocument();
    }
}

修改MainActivity：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        parseXMLWithSAX();
    }

    private void parseXMLWithSAX() {
        try {
            SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
            XMLReader xmlReader = factory.newSAXParser().getXMLReader();
            SAXHandler saxHandler = new SAXHandler();
            xmlReader.setContentHandler(saxHandler);
            xmlReader.parse(new InputSource(getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.strings)));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

JSON解析

Json相比xml体积更小，在网络上传输更省流量，在res下的raw文件夹新建data.json：

[
  {
    "id": "1",
    "name": "tom"
  }
]

修改MainActivity：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        parseJSONWithJSONObject();
    }

    private void parseJSONWithJSONObject() {
        try {
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.data)));
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
            String line;
            while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
                result.append(line);
            }
            JSONArray jsonArray = new JSONArray(result.toString());
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                String id = jsonObject.getString("id");
                String name = jsonObject.getString("name");
                Log.d("MainActivity", "parseJSONWithJSONObject: " + id + " " + name);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

此外，还可以使用开源库Gson解析Json数据