Flask开发高级：上【下】文管理源码解析

回顾

在前一篇中，我们已经知道Flask是通过把用户的请求信息放入到线程栈中进行存储。例如你的线程id是9528，你进来后，生成一个stack，stack存放的就是9528的请求信息。你是9529、9531等依次对应，所有用户的请求信息都是这样存储。

# {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}} # 存放的是线程id为9528的请求信息

开始

接着前一篇继续，在push中，我们知道了Flask的上下文存储机制：

 def push(self, obj): # obj= ctx = request_context=(request,session)
 
    """Pushes a new item to the stack"""
# 这个self往上找，self._local = Local=[{},get_ident]
    rv = getattr(self._local, "stack", None)
    if rv is None:
        self._local.stack = rv = [] # {9528:{stack :[]}}
# _local对象.stack执行__setattr__方法
    rv.append(obj)
# {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}}
    return rv

往回翻到LocalStack这里：

# context locals
_request_ctx_stack = LocalStack() # {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}}
# _request_ctx_stack 请求上下文栈，实例化LocalStack()，执行__init__方法
# _request_ctx_stack._local = Local=[{},get_ident]
#最后变为： [ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]

知道了LocalStack存储的值是[ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]这种形式的。再往下看：

_app_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
current_app = LocalProxy(_find_app)
request = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "request")) #partial 偏函数
session = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "session"))
g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, "g"))

点击进入到_lookup_req_object中：

def _lookup_req_object(name): # name = request
    top = _request_ctx_stack.top
# _request_ctx_stack._local = [ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]
# 在实例内部别忘了("__storage__", "__ident_func__")与上面数组的小标是对应的
    if top is None:
        raise RuntimeError(_request_ctx_err_msg)
    return getattr(top, name)

进入到top中：

def top(self): # self._local = [ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]
    """The topmost item on the stack.  If the stack is empty,
    `None` is returned.
    """
    try:
        return self._local.stack[-1]
# 对象.stack[-1],调用_local对象中的__getattr__方法
    except (AttributeError, IndexError):
        return None

进入到_local对象中，找到__getattr__方法：

 def __getattr__(self, name): # name = stack 
    try:
# _request_ctx_stack._local = [ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]
# 在实例内部别忘了("__storage__", "__ident_func__")与上面数组的小标是对应的
        return self.__storage__[self.__ident_func__()][name]
# self.__ident_func__()获取线程id9528，name就是stack 
# 拿到[ctx(request,session)] ，然后返回
    except KeyError:
        raise AttributeError(name)

回到top这里：

def top(self): # self._local = [ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]
    """The topmost item on the stack.  If the stack is empty,
    `None` is returned.
    """
    try:
        return self._local.stack[-1] # 返回 ctx (request,session)
# 对象.stack[-1],调用_local对象中的__getattr__方法
    except (AttributeError, IndexError):
        return None

再回到_lookup_req_object这里：

def _lookup_req_object(name): # name = request
    top = _request_ctx_stack.top # 拿到 ctx (request,session)
# _request_ctx_stack._local = [ {9528:{stack :[ctx(request,session)]}},get_ident]
# 在实例内部别忘了("__storage__", "__ident_func__")与上面数组的小标是对应的
    if top is None:
        raise RuntimeError(_request_ctx_err_msg)
    return getattr(top, name) # # name = request

回到partial 这里：

_app_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
current_app = LocalProxy(_find_app)
request = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "request")) #partial 偏函数
# 取出request对象
session = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "session"))
g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, "g"))

进入到LocalProxy中：

def __init__(self, local, name=None): # local = partial >可得> request
    object.__setattr__(self, "_LocalProxy__local", local) # partial >>> request
# __setattr__为LocalProxy这个类添加一个__local属性
    object.__setattr__(self, "__name__", name)
# local是partial偏函数，可以被执行，local中没有__release_local__这个属性
    if callable(local) and not hasattr(local, "__release_local__"): # True
        # "local" is a callable that is not an instance of Local or
        # LocalManager: mark it as a wrapped function.
        object.__setattr__(self, "__wrapped__", local) # partial >>> request

完了，到这里就结束了？别着急，还记得在Flask中可以用request.method去判断前端传送数据所用的方法吧。.method实质是调用了request对象的__getattr__方法，由前面可知，request对象其实就是LocalProxy对象，那我们进LocalProxy对象去找找__getattr__方法：

def __getattr__(self, name): # 例如 .method  则name = method
    if name == "__members__":
        return dir(self._get_current_object())
    return getattr(self._get_current_object(), name) # name = method

进入到_get_current_object中：

def _get_current_object(self):
    """Return the current object.  This is useful if you want the real
    object behind the proxy at a time for performance reasons or because
    you want to pass the object into a different context.
    """
    if not hasattr(self.__local, "__release_local__"): # True
        return self.__local() # 往上翻发现，返回的就是request对象
    try:
        return getattr(self.__local, self.__name__)
    except AttributeError:
        raise RuntimeError("no object bound to %s" % self.__name__)

回到__getattr__这里，一切都明白了：

def __getattr__(self, name): # 例如 .method  则name = method
    if name == "__members__":
        return dir(self._get_current_object())
    return getattr(self._get_current_object(), name) # name = method
# self._get_current_object() 返回一个request对象

请求中的所有数据都是通过反射的方式，从request中获取的

总结

Flask上下文管理全流程解析：