Vulkan 描述符池和集合
Vulkan 描述符池和集合,描述符布局描述了可以绑定的描述符的类型。在本章节,我们创建描述符集,它将实际指定一个VkBuffer来绑定到一个uniform buffer描述符。
一、描述符池
描述符集合不能直接创建,它们必须像命令缓冲区一样,从对象池中分配使用。对于描述符集合相当于调用描述符对象池。我们将写一个新的函数createDescriptorPool来配置。
void initVulkan() {
...
createUniformBuffer();
createDescriptorPool();
...
}
...
void createDescriptorPool() {
}
我们首先需要明确我们使用的描述符集合包含的描述符类型与数量,这里使用VkDescriptorPoolSize结构体。
VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize = {};
poolSize.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
poolSize.descriptorCount = 1;
现在我们只有一个uniform buffer类型的单描述符。对象池大小将被VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo结构体引用:
VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.poolSizeCount = 1;
poolInfo.pPoolSizes = &poolSize;
我们也需要指定最大的描述符集合的分配数量:
poolInfo.maxSets = 1;
该结构体与命令对象池类似,有一些可选项用于决定每个描述符集合是否可以独立管理生命周期:VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT。创建完毕后我们不会进一步使用它,所以我们不需要该flag。在这里设置flags默认值为0。
VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
...
if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
}
添加新的类成员对象保存描述符对象池的句柄,通过调用vkCreateDescriptorPool创建它。与其他绘制资源一样,描述符对象池应该仅在程序退出的时候销毁:
void cleanup() {
cleanupSwapChain();
vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
...
}
二、描述符集合
为了从对象池中分配描述符集合,我们需要添加一个createDescriptorSet函数:
void initVulkan() {
...
createDescriptorPool();
createDescriptorSet();
...
}
...
void createDescriptorSet() {
}
描述符集合通过VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo结构体描述具体的分配。需要指定用于分配的描述符对象池,分配的描述符集合数量,以及基于此的描述符布局:
VkDescriptorSetLayout layouts[] = {descriptorSetLayout};
VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;
allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = 1;
allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts;
添加类成员存储描述符集合的句柄,并使用vkAllocateDescriptorSets分配:
VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
...
if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSet) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor set!");
}
我们不需要明确清理描述符集合,因为它们会在描述符对象池销毁的时候自动清理。调用vkAllocateDescriptorSets会分配一个具有uniform buffer描述符的描述符集合。
描述符集合已经分配了,但是内部的描述符需要配置。描述符需要引用缓冲区,就像uniform buffer描述符,使用VkDescriptorBufferInfo结构体进行配置。该结构体指定缓冲区和描述符内部包含的数据的区域:
VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.buffer = uniformBuffer;
bufferInfo.offset = 0;
bufferInfo.range = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
描述符的配置更新使用vkUpdateDescriptorSets函数,它需要VkWriteDescriptorSet结构体的数组作为参数。
VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite = {};
descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
descriptorWrite.dstSet = descriptorSet;
descriptorWrite.dstBinding = 0;
descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
前两个字段指定描述符集合更新和绑定的设置。我们为 uniform buffer 绑定的索引设定为0。描述符可以是数组,所以我们需要指定要更新的数组索引。在这里没有使用数组,所以简单的设置为0。
descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
我们在这里再一次指定描述符类型。可以通过数组一次性更新多个描述符,使用dstArrayElement起始索引。descriptorCount字段描述多少描述符需要被更新。
descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo;
descriptorWrite.pImageInfo = nullptr; // Optional
descriptorWrite.pTexelBufferView = nullptr; // Optional
最后的字段引用descriptorCount结构体的数组,它配置了实际的描述符。它的类型根据实际需要的三个描述符类型来设定。pBufferInfo字段用于指定描述符引用的缓冲区数据,pImageInfo字段用于指定描述符引用的图像数据,描述符使用pTexelBufferView引用缓冲区视图。我们的描述符是基于缓冲区的,所以我们使用pBufferInfo。
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, 1, &descriptorWrite, 0, nullptr);
使用vkUpdateDescriptorSets应用实际的更新。它接受两种数组的参数:一个数组是VkWriteDescriptorSet,另一个是VkCopyDescriptorSet。后一个数组可以用于两个描述符之间进行拷贝操作。
三、使用描述符集合
我们现在需要更新createCommandBuffers函数,使用cmdBindDescriptorSets将描述符集合绑定到实际的着色器的描述符中:
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, nullptr);
与顶点和索引缓冲区不同,描述符集合不是图形管线唯一的。因此,我们需要指定是否要将描述符集绑定到图形或者计算管线。下一个参数是描述符所基于的布局。接下来的三个参数指定首个描述符的索引,要绑定的集合的数量以及要绑定的集合的数组。我们稍后回来。最后两个参数指定用于动态描述符的偏移数组。我们在后续的章节中会看到这些。
如果此时运行程序,会看不到任何内容在屏幕上。问题在于,由于我们在投影矩阵中进行了Y-flip操作,所以顶点现在以顺时针顺序而不是逆时针顺序绘制。这导致背面剔除以防止任何背面的集合体被绘制。来到createGraphicsPipeline函数,修改VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo结构体的frontFace如下:
rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
运行程序将会看到如下角度旋转的效果:
矩形已经变为正方形,因为投影矩阵现在修正了宽高比。updateUniformData需要考虑屏幕的尺寸大小变化,所以我们不需要重新创建描述符集合在recreateSwapChain中。
四、多个描述符集
正如某些结构体和函数调用时候的提示所示,实际上可以绑定多个描述符集合。你需要在管线创建布局的时候为每个描述符集合指定描述符布局。着色器可以引用具体的描述符集合如下:
layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform UniformBufferObject { ... }
我们可以使用此功能将每个对象和发生变化的描述符分配到单独的描述符集合中,在这种情况下,可以避免重新绑定大部分描述符,而这些描述符可能会更有效率。
附:源码
//22_descriptor_layout.cpp
#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <optional>
#include <set>
#include <array>
#include <algorithm>
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
#include <chrono>
const int WIDTH = 800;
const int HEIGHT = 600;
const int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;
const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
};
const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
};
#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif
VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) {
auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
}
else {
return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
}
}
void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
if (func != nullptr) {
func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
}
}
struct QueueFamilyIndices {
uint32_t graphicsFamily = -1;
uint32_t presentFamily = -1;
bool isComplete() {
return graphicsFamily >= 0 && presentFamily >= 0;
}
};
struct SwapChainSupportDetails {
VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
};
struct Vertex {
glm::vec2 pos;
glm::vec3 color;
//绑定描述
static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDescription() {
VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription = {};
bindingDescription.binding = 0;
bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;
return bindingDescription;
}
//属性描述
static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 2> getAttributeDescriptions() {
std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 2> attributeDescriptions = {};
attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);
attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);
return attributeDescriptions;
}
};
struct UniformBufferObject {
glm::mat4 model;
glm::mat4 view;
glm::mat4 proj;
};
const std::vector<Vertex> vertices = {
{{-0.5f, -0.5f}, {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}},
{{0.5f, -0.5f}, {0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f}},
{{0.5f, 0.5f}, {0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}},
{{-0.5f, 0.5f}, {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f}}
};
const std::vector<uint16_t> indices = {
0, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0
};
class HelloTriangleApplication {
public:
void run() {
initWindow();
initVulkan();
mainLoop();
cleanup();
}
private:
GLFWwindow* window;
VkInstance instance;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;
VkSurfaceKHR surface;
VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
VkDevice device;
VkQueue graphicsQueue;
VkQueue presentQueue;
VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;
VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
VkRenderPass renderPass;
VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
VkPipeline graphicsPipeline;
std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;
VkCommandPool commandPool;
std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers;
VkSemaphore imageAvailableSemaphore;
VkSemaphore renderFinishedSemaphore;
std::vector<VkSemaphore> imageAvailableSemaphores;
std::vector<VkSemaphore> renderFinishedSemaphores;
std::vector<VkFence> inFlightFences;
std::vector<VkFence> imagesInFlight;
size_t currentFrame = 0;
VkBuffer vertexBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory vertexBufferMemory;
VkBuffer indexBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory indexBufferMemory;
VkBuffer uniformBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory uniformBufferMemory;
VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
VkDescriptorSet descriptorSet;
void initWindow() {
glfwInit();
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
//glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);
window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan_Day23_descriptor_layout", nullptr, nullptr);
glfwSetWindowUserPointer(window, this);
glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, HelloTriangleApplication::onWindowResized);
}
void initVulkan() {
createInstance();
setupDebugMessenger();
createSurface();
pickPhysicalDevice();
createLogicalDevice();
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
createDescriptorSetLayout();
createGraphicsPipeline();
createFramebuffers();
createCommandPool();
createVertexBuffer();
createIndexBuffer();
createUniformBuffer();
createDescriptorPool();
createDescriptorSet();
createCommandBuffers();
createSemaphores();
}
void mainLoop() {
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
glfwPollEvents();
updateUniformBuffer();
drawFrame();
}
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
}
void cleanup() {
cleanupSwapChain();
vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, uniformBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, uniformBufferMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, indexBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, indexBufferMemory, nullptr);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, vertexBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, vertexBufferMemory, nullptr);
for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphores[i], nullptr);
vkDestroyFence(device, inFlightFences[i], nullptr);
}
vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr);
vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);
if (enableValidationLayers) {
DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
}
vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);
glfwDestroyWindow(window);
glfwTerminate();
}
void updateUniformBuffer() {
static auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
float time = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(currentTime - startTime).count() / 1000.0f;
UniformBufferObject ubo = {};
ubo.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), time * glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
ubo.view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
ubo.proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), swapChainExtent.width / (float)swapChainExtent.height, 0.1f, 10.0f);
ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, uniformBufferMemory, 0, sizeof(ubo), 0, &data);
memcpy(data, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformBufferMemory);
}
void drawFrame() {
vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
uint32_t imageIndex;
VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);
if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
recreateSwapChain();
return;
}
else if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to acquire swap chain image!");
}
if (imagesInFlight[imageIndex] != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &imagesInFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
}
imagesInFlight[imageIndex] = inFlightFences[currentFrame];
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = { imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame] };
VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffers[imageIndex];
VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = { renderFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame] };
submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame]);
if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFences[currentFrame]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer!");
}
VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo = {};
presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { swapChain };
presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;
presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
result = vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);
if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR || result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
recreateSwapChain();
}
else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to present swap chain image!");
}
currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
}
static void onWindowResized(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
if (width == 0 || height == 0) return;
HelloTriangleApplication* app = reinterpret_cast<HelloTriangleApplication*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
app->recreateSwapChain();
}
void cleanupSwapChain() {
for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers) {
vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, framebuffer, nullptr);
}
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, static_cast<uint32_t>(commandBuffers.size()), commandBuffers.data());
vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);
for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) {
vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
}
vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);
}
void recreateSwapChain() {
int width = 0, height = 0;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
while (width == 0 || height == 0) {
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
glfwWaitEvents();
}
vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
cleanupSwapChain();
createSwapChain();
createImageViews();
createRenderPass();
createGraphicsPipeline();
createFramebuffers();
createCommandBuffers();
}
void createInstance() {
if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
}
VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;
VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;
auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo;
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*)&debugCreateInfo;
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
}
if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
}
}
void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& createInfo) {
createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
}
void setupDebugMessenger() {
if (!enableValidationLayers) return;
VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo;
populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);
if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
}
}
void createImageViews() {
swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
VkImageViewCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.image = swapChainImages[i];
createInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
createInfo.format = swapChainImageFormat;
createInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_IDENTITY;
createInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
createInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
createInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;
createInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
createInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
if (vkCreateImageView(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChainImageViews[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image views!");
}
}
}
void createSurface() {
if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
}
}
void pickPhysicalDevice() {
uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
if (deviceCount == 0) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
}
std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
for (const auto& device : devices) {
if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
physicalDevice = device;
break;
}
}
if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
}
}
void createLogicalDevice() {
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = { indices.graphicsFamily, indices.presentFamily };
float queuePriority = 1.0f;
for (int queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
}
VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};
VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();
if (enableValidationLayers) {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
}
else {
createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
}
if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
}
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily, 0, &graphicsQueue);
vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily, 0, &presentQueue);
}
void createSwapChain() {
SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);
VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);
uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount) {
imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
}
VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
createInfo.surface = surface;
createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = { (uint32_t)indices.graphicsFamily, (uint32_t)indices.presentFamily };
if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
}
else {
createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0; // Optional
createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = nullptr; // Optional
}
createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;
createInfo.oldSwapchain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
}
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());
swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
swapChainExtent = extent;
}
bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);
bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);
bool swapChainAdequate = false;
if (extensionsSupported) {
SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
}
return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate;
}
void createRenderPass() {
VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment = {};
colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
colorAttachment.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef = {};
colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
VkSubpassDescription subpass = {};
subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pAttachments = &colorAttachment;
renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
VkSubpassDependency dependency = {};
dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT | VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;
if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
}
}
VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo = {};
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());
VkShaderModule shaderModule;
if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
}
return shaderModule;
}
static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename) {
std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate | std::ios::binary);
if (!file.is_open()) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
}
size_t fileSize = (size_t)file.tellg();
std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
file.seekg(0);
file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
file.close();
return buffer;
}
void createSemaphores() {
imageAvailableSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
renderFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
inFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
imagesInFlight.resize(swapChainImages.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);
VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo = {};
semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = {};
fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;
for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS ||
vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
}
}
}
void createCommandBuffers() {
commandBuffers.resize(swapChainFramebuffers.size());
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t)commandBuffers.size();
if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, commandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!");
}
for (size_t i = 0; i < commandBuffers.size(); i++) {
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT;
beginInfo.pInheritanceInfo = nullptr; // Optional
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i], &beginInfo);
VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo = {};
renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapChainFramebuffers[i];
renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = { 0, 0 };
renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapChainExtent;
VkClearValue clearColor = { 0.1f, 0.1f, 0.3f, 0.6f };
renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = 1;
renderPassInfo.pClearValues = &clearColor;
vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffers[i], &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
//渲染期间绑定缓冲区
vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);
VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = { vertexBuffer };
VkDeviceSize offsets[] = { 0 };
//绑定顶点缓冲区
vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffers[i], 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);
vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffers[i], indexBuffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT16);
vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSet, 0, nullptr);
vkCmdDrawIndexed(commandBuffers[i], static_cast<uint32_t>(indices.size()), 1, 0, 0, 0);
//vkCmdDraw(commandBuffers[i], static_cast<uint32_t>(vertices.size()), 1, 0, 0);
vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffers[i]);
if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
}
}
}
void createCommandPool() {
QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily;
poolInfo.flags = 0; // Optional
if (vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create command pool!");
}
}
// 创建顶点缓冲区
void createVertexBuffer() {
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(vertices[0]) * vertices.size();
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
//*****填充顶点缓冲区*****
void* data;
//将缓冲区内存映射(mapping the buffer memory)到CPU可访问的内存中完成
vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
//将顶点数据拷贝到映射内存中
memcpy(data, vertices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
//取消映射
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, vertexBuffer, vertexBufferMemory);
copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, vertexBuffer, bufferSize);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}
// 创建索引缓冲区
void createIndexBuffer() {
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(indices[0]) * indices.size();
VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);
void* data;
vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
memcpy(data, indices.data(), (size_t)bufferSize);
vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, indexBuffer, indexBufferMemory);
copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, indexBuffer, bufferSize);
vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
}
void createUniformBuffer() {
VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, uniformBuffer, uniformBufferMemory);
}
void createDescriptorPool() {
VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize = {};
poolSize.type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
poolSize.descriptorCount = 1;
VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo = {};
poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
poolInfo.poolSizeCount = 1;
poolInfo.pPoolSizes = &poolSize;
poolInfo.maxSets = 1;
if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
}
}
void createDescriptorSet() {
VkDescriptorSetLayout layouts[] = { descriptorSetLayout };
VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;
allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = 1;
allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts;
if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, &descriptorSet) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor set!");
}
VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.buffer = uniformBuffer;
bufferInfo.offset = 0;
bufferInfo.range = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);
VkWriteDescriptorSet descriptorWrite = {};
descriptorWrite.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
descriptorWrite.dstSet = descriptorSet;
descriptorWrite.dstBinding = 0;
descriptorWrite.dstArrayElement = 0;
descriptorWrite.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
descriptorWrite.descriptorCount = 1;
descriptorWrite.pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo;
descriptorWrite.pImageInfo = nullptr; // Optional
descriptorWrite.pTexelBufferView = nullptr; // Optional
vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, 1, &descriptorWrite, 0, nullptr);
}
//创建缓冲区
void createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkBuffer& buffer, VkDeviceMemory& bufferMemory) {
//创建缓冲区
VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo = {};
bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
bufferInfo.size = size;
bufferInfo.usage = usage;
bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
if (vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create buffer!");
}
//内存需求
VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, buffer, &memRequirements);
//内存分配
VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);
if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &bufferMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer memory!");
}
//将内存关联到缓冲区
vkBindBufferMemory(device, buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
}
//用于从一个缓冲区拷贝数据到另一个缓冲区
void copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size) {
VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo = {};
allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);
VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo = {};
beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;
vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);
VkBufferCopy copyRegion = {};
copyRegion.size = size;
vkCmdCopyBuffer(commandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, 1, ©Region);
vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);
VkSubmitInfo submitInfo = {};
submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;
vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);
vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
}
uint32_t findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);
for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
return i;
}
}
throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
}
void createFramebuffers() {
swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());
for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
VkImageView attachments[] = {
swapChainImageViews[i]
};
VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo = {};
framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = 1;
framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments;
framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtent.width;
framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtent.height;
framebufferInfo.layers = 1;
if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
}
}
}
void createDescriptorSetLayout() {
VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding = {};
uboLayoutBinding.binding = 0;
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
uboLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
uboLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
uboLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr; // Optional
VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo = {};
layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
layoutInfo.bindingCount = 1;
layoutInfo.pBindings = &uboLayoutBinding;
if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor set layout!");
}
}
void createGraphicsPipeline() {
auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shader.vert.spv");
auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shader.frag.spv");
VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo = {};
vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo = {};
fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";
VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = { vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo };
VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo = {};
vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
//配置图形管线可以接受重新定义的顶点数据的格式
auto bindingDescription = Vertex::getBindingDescription();
auto attributeDescriptions = Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();
vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attributeDescriptions.size());
vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions.data();
VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly = {};
inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkViewport viewport = {};
viewport.x = 0.0f;
viewport.y = 0.0f;
viewport.width = (float)swapChainExtent.width;
viewport.height = (float)swapChainExtent.height;
viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;
VkRect2D scissor = {};
scissor.offset = { 0, 0 };
scissor.extent = swapChainExtent;
VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState = {};
viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
viewportState.pViewports = &viewport;
viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
viewportState.pScissors = &scissor;
VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer = {};
rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;
VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling = {};
multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
multisampling.rasterizationSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
multisampling.minSampleShading = 1.0f; // Optional
multisampling.pSampleMask = nullptr; // Optional
multisampling.alphaToCoverageEnable = VK_FALSE; // Optional
multisampling.alphaToOneEnable = VK_FALSE; // Optional
VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment = {};
colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;
colorBlendAttachment.srcColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE; // Optional
colorBlendAttachment.dstColorBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO; // Optional
colorBlendAttachment.colorBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD; // Optional
colorBlendAttachment.srcAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE; // Optional
colorBlendAttachment.dstAlphaBlendFactor = VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO; // Optional
colorBlendAttachment.alphaBlendOp = VK_BLEND_OP_ADD; // Optional
VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending = {};
colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
colorBlending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;
colorBlending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
colorBlending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;
VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo = {};
pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1; // Optional
pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout; // Optional
pipelineLayoutInfo.pushConstantRangeCount = 0; // Optional
pipelineLayoutInfo.pPushConstantRanges = 0; // Optional
if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout!");
}
VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo = {};
pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = nullptr; // Optional
pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
pipelineInfo.pDynamicState = nullptr; // Optional
pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE; // Optional
pipelineInfo.basePipelineIndex = -1; // Optional
if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline!");
}
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
}
bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
uint32_t extensionCount;
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());
std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());
for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) {
requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
}
return requiredExtensions.empty();
}
VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {
if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max()) {
return capabilities.currentExtent;
}
else {
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
static_cast<uint32_t>(height)
};
//VkExtent2D actualExtent = { WIDTH, HEIGHT };
actualExtent.width = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width, actualExtent.width));
actualExtent.height = std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height, std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height, actualExtent.height));
return actualExtent;
}
}
SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
SwapChainSupportDetails details;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);
uint32_t formatCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
if (formatCount != 0) {
details.formats.resize(formatCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
}
uint32_t presentModeCount;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
if (presentModeCount != 0) {
details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
}
return details;
}
VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
if (availableFormats.size() == 1 && availableFormats[0].format == VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
return { VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM, VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR };
}
for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {
if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
return availableFormat;
}
}
return availableFormats[0];
}
VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> availablePresentModes) {
VkPresentModeKHR bestMode = VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
for (const auto& availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {
if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
return availablePresentMode;
}
else if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR) {
bestMode = availablePresentMode;
}
}
return bestMode;
}
QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
QueueFamilyIndices indices;
uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());
int i = 0;
for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
indices.graphicsFamily = i;
}
VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);
if (presentSupport) {
indices.presentFamily = i;
}
if (indices.isComplete()) {
break;
}
i++;
}
return indices;
}
std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {
uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
const char** glfwExtensions;
glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);
if (enableValidationLayers) {
extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
}
return extensions;
}
bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {
uint32_t layerCount;
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);
std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());
for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
bool layerFound = false;
for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
layerFound = true;
break;
}
}
if (!layerFound) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData, void* pUserData) {
std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;
return VK_FALSE;
}
};
int main() {
HelloTriangleApplication app;
try {
app.run();
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}