C++处理文件

使用std::fstream处理文件

C++提供了std::fstream,旨在以独立于平台的方式访问文件。std::fstream从std::ofstream那里继承了写入文件的功能，并从std::ifstream那里继承了读取文件的功能，换句话说std::fstream提供了读写文件的功能。

要使用std::fstream，需要包含头文件#include<fstream>

使用open（）和close（）打开和关闭文件

要使用fstream、ofstream、ifstream类，需要使用open()打开文件：

#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    ofstream myFile;
    myFile.open("D:/hello.txt", ios_base::out);// out用来写入

    if (myFile.is_open())
    {
        cout << "File open successful" << endl;

        myFile << "My first text file!" << endl;//输入字符串
        myFile << "Hello file!";//输入字符串

        cout << "Finished writing to file, will close now" << endl;
        myFile.close();
    }

    return 0;
}

使用open()和运算符>>读取文本文件

#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    ifstream myFile;
    myFile.open("D:/hello.txt", ios_base::in);

    if (myFile.is_open())
    {
        cout << "File open successful. It contains: " << endl;
        string fileContents;

        while (myFile.good())
        {
            getline (myFile, fileContents);// 用getline()来从myfile读取一行到stringfileContents 
            cout << fileContents << endl;
        }

        cout << "Finished reading file, will close now" << endl;
        myFile.close();
    }
    else
        cout << "open() failed: check if file is in right folder" << endl;

    return 0;
}

读写二进制文件

#include<fstream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

struct Human
{
    Human() {};
    Human(const char* inName, int inAge, const char* inDOB) : age(inAge)
    {
        strcpy(name, inName);
        strcpy(DOB, inDOB);
    }

    char name[30];
    int age;
    char DOB[20];
};

int main()
{
    Human Input("Siddhartha Rao", 101, "May 1916");

    ofstream fsOut ("MyBinary.bin", ios_base::out | ios_base::binary);

    if (fsOut.is_open())
    {
        cout << "Writing one object of Human to a binary file" << endl;
        fsOut.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&Input), sizeof(Input));
        fsOut.close();
    }

    ifstream fsIn ("D:hello.bin", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);

    if(fsIn.is_open())
    {
        Human somePerson;
        fsIn.read((char*)&somePerson, sizeof(somePerson));

        cout << "Reading information from binary file: " << endl;
        cout << "Name = " << somePerson.name << endl;
        cout << "Age = " << somePerson.age << endl;
        cout << "Date of Birth = " << somePerson.DOB << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

使用std::stringstream对字符串进行转换

#include<fstream>
#include<sstream>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
   cout << "Enter an integer: ";
   int input = 0;
   cin >> input;

   stringstream converterStream;
   converterStream << input;
   string inputAsStr;
   converterStream >> inputAsStr;

   cout << "Integer Input = " << input << endl;
   cout << "String gained from integer = " << inputAsStr << endl;

   stringstream anotherStream;
   anotherStream << inputAsStr;
   int Copy = 0;
   anotherStream >> Copy;

   cout << "Integer gained from string, Copy = " << Copy << endl;

   return 0;
}

运行结果如上图所示。